Developing for tabletops puts special requirements on interface programming frameworks: managing parallel input, device discovery, device equivalence, and describing combined interactions. We analyse these issues and describe the solutions that were used in IntuiKit, a modelbased framework aimed at making the design and development of post-WIMP user interfaces more accessible. Some solutions are simple consequences of the support of multimodality, while others are more specific to multiple touch. We illustrate these features through examples developed in several tabletop projects, including one application aimed at improving collaboration between air traffic controllers.

We present the design concept of an accordion-fold interactive display to address the limits of touch-based interaction in airliner cockpits. Based on an analysis of pilot activity, tangible design principles for this design concept are identified. Two resulting functional prototypes are explored during participatory workshops with pilots, using activity scenarios. This exploration validated the design concept by revealing its ability to match pilot responsibilities in terms of safety, efficiency and collaboration. It provides an efficient visual perception of the system for real-time collaborative operations and tangible interaction to strengthen the perception of action and to manage safety through anticipation and awareness. The design work and insights enabled to specify further our needs regarding flexible screens. They also helped to better characterize the design concept as based on continuity of a developed surface, predictability of aligned folds and pleat face roles, embodied interactive properties, and flexibility through affordable reconfigurations. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); Interaction devices; HCI design and evaluation methods

Involving graphic designers in the large-scale development of user interfaces requires tools that provide more graphical flexibility and support efficient software processes. These requirements were analysed and used in the design of the TkZinc graphical library and the IntuiKit interface design environment. More flexibility is obtained through a wider palette of visual techniques and support for iterative construction of images, composition and parametric displays. More efficient processes are obtained with the use of the SVG standard to import graphics, support for linking graphics and behaviour, and a unifying model-driven architecture. We describe the corresponding features of our tools, and show their use in the development of an application for airports. Benefits include a wider access to high quality visual interfaces for specialised applications, and shorter prototyping and development cycles for multidisciplinary teams.

La programmation d'interfaces évoluées reste un travail complexe avec les outils disponibles. A partir d'entretiens avec environ 50 équipes de conception ou de production industrielle de systèmes interactifs, nous avons identifié l'importance du travail collectif pluridisciplinaire dans la réalisation d'un prototype ou d'un produit. Supporter un travail efficace de chacun impose des contraintes nouvelles sur l'architecture des systèmes et sur les outils à réaliser. Nous présentons l'architecture à base de modèles XML que nous avons choisie pour notre atelier IntuiKit, afin de combler le fossé entre conception d'interfaces et gé-nie logiciel. Puis nous illustrons cette solution sur un cas concret de réalisation d'un produit. ABSTRACTProgramming highly interactive user interfaces remains a complex task with the available software tools. Interviews and observation of 50 design or production teams of industrial products shows the importance of group production between graphics designers, programmers, usability experts and the lead designer. Tools must allow each of them to efficiently produce their part. That imposes new constraints on the architecture of interactive software. We present the solutions used our development suite, IntuiKit, designed to bridge the gap between interface design and software engineering. We illustrate it on a concrete product development.