(1) Background: We have been using the Sportomics approach to evaluate biochemical and hematological changes in response to exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and hematologic responses of world-class canoeists during a training session; (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken at different points and analyzed for their hematological properties, activities of selected enzymes, hormones, and metabolites; (3) Results: Muscle stress biomarkers were elevated in response to exercise which correlated with modifications in the profile of white blood cells, where a leukocyte rise was observed after the canoe session. These results were accompanied by an increase in other exercise intensity parameters such as lactatemia and ammonemia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol increased during the exercise sessions. The acute rise in both erythrocytes and white blood profile were probably due to muscle cell damage, rather than hepatocyte integrity impairment; (4) Conclusion: The cellular and metabolic responses found here, together with effective nutrition support, are crucial to understanding the effects of exercise in order to assist in the creation of new training and recovery planning. Also we show that Sportomics is a primal tool for training management and performance improvement, as well as to the understanding of metabolic response to exercise.

Sportomics is a subject-centered holistic method similar to metabolomics focusing on sports as the metabolic challenge. Dried blood spot is emerging as a technique due to its simplicity and reproducibility. In addition, mass spectrometry and integrative computational biology enhance our ability to understand exercise-induced modifications. We studied inflammatory blood proteins (Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein—A1AG1; Albumin; Cystatin C; C-reactive protein—CRP; Hemoglobin—HBA; Haptoglobin—HPT; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Lipopolysaccharide binding protein—LBP; Mannose-binding lectin—MBL2; Myeloperoxidase—PERM and Serum amyloid A1—SAA1), in 687 samples from 97 World-class and Olympic athletes across 16 sports in nine states. Data were analyzed with Spearman's rank-order correlation. Major correlations with CRP, LBP; MBL2; A1AG1, and SAA1 were found. The pairs CRP-SAA1 and CRP-LBP appeared with a robust positive correlation. Other pairs, LBP-SAA1; A1AG1-CRP; A1AG1-SAA1; A1AG1-MBL, and A1AG1-LBP, showed a broader correlation across the sports. The protein–protein interaction map revealed 1500 interactions with 44 core proteins, 30 of them linked to immune system processing. We propose that the inflammation follow-up in exercise can provide knowledge for internal cargo management in training, competition, recovery, doping control, and a deeper understanding of health and disease.

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to communicate the diagnosis followed by a successful treatment and rapid evolution from a silent liver injury due to the use of self-medication with large doses of acetaminophen, without a stop in training or a loss of performance. Materials and methodsWe measured the VO 2max and analysed a sportomic pro ile of four national elite cyclists and diagnosed a liver injury caused by pharmaceutical abuse in one athlete. We suggested that the injured athlete decrease both training intensity and volume by 30% to 40% while simultaneously increasing resting and sleeping time. We discontinued the use of acetaminophen and started a high intake of dietary methionine and cysteine together with N-acetyl-cysteine daily. Results After 2 weeks of following our regimen and dietary recommendations, the athlete reported pain relief. This change was corroborated by biochemical analysis, which showed that the amounts of creatine kinase and gammaglutamyltransferase in blood were less than 20% and 70% of pre-treatment levels, respectively. As a referral of our treatment, the team won third place in an 800-km cycling competition. ConclusionThis study has shown that collecting and analysing physiological data during training can give important information about an athlete's clinical condition as well as the degree of performance. In this particular case, we have shown that 2 weeks of reduced training, combined with dietary changes, can promote liver recovery. The importance of this report is that we were able to diagnose and treat a silent liver injury and maintain an athlete's performance during both training and competition.

Background: Sportomics is non-hypothesis-driven holistic top-down research on individual metabolic changes during sports and exercise. Ultramarathon is a prolonged exercise and an important challenge for the Central Nervous System (CNS), making it an interesting protocol to study central and peripheral fatigue. Objective: Here we evaluated the immune response and amino acids metabolism during an ultramarathon in an elite world-class male athlete. Methods: The athlete ran for 8 hours (86 km). Venous blood samples were collected (fasting, before race, hourly, recovery -60 min and 720 min) and~75 cellular and biochemical parameters were measured. Major nitrogen compounds were corrected by creatinine concentration and evaluated using Pearson correlation. Results: Leucocytes presence increase in blood was mostly due a neutrophil response to exercise (250%). We also observed a lymphocytes reduction. The exercise raise of both leukocytes and neutrophils were cooperative and fitted in sigmoid function with high correlation (r = 0.97). On the other hand their presence in blood declined during recovery following an exponential decay. We were not able to find an equation to fit the lymphocytes presence behavior. Ammonia increased more than 300%, almost due amino acid deamination (mainly Leu; Ile; Phe and Trp). A raise of both urea (200%) and urate (30%) was also measured. Conclusion:The results may show an important metabolic adaptation during ultramarathon and demonstrate the kinetics of amino acids consumption as energetic molecules during exercise in a world-class athlete. The findings bring new information about the amino acids availability to the CNS during prolonged exercise.