Real-time (RT) simulation is a highly reliable simulation method that is mostly based on electromagnetic transient simulation of complex systems comprising many domains. It is increasingly used in power and energy systems for both academic research and industrial applications. Due to the evolution of the computing power of RT simulators in recent years, new classes of applications and expanded fields of practice could now be addressed with RT simulation. This increase in computation power implies that models can be built more accurately and the whole simulation system gets closer to reality. This Task Force paper summarizes various applications of digital RT simulation technologies in the design, analysis, and testing of power and energy systems. INDEX TERMS Applications, design, distribution networks, electric power circuits, hardware-in-theloop (HIL), modeling, rapid prototyping (RP), real-time (RT) simulation, testing, transmission networks. I. INTRODUCTION D IGITAL real-time (RT) simulators exploit advanced digital hardware and parallel computing methods to solve differential equations characterizing the system

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This paper is dealing with the reactive power management of two kinds of variable speed wind turbine (WT) technologies in order to respect the grid code requirements during voltage dips. Nowadays, the WT systems are asked to fulfil with many grid connection requirements, especially to provide reactive power during dip voltage with the aim of better voltage recovering. Specific controls applied to Double Fed Induction generator WT (DFIG) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator fully interfaced (PMSG) are proposed in this paper to meet with these requirements. The control laws are studied through simulations; results analysis shows their efficiency and their limits.Index Terms-Control system, doubly fed induction generator, low voltage ride through, permanent magnet generator, wind power generation, wind turbines.

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