The amount of researchers and scientific papers rapidly grows, annually. The metrics to analyze the quality and quantity of these publications have consolidated in the academic world. A bibliometric mapping of scientific papers on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) published between 2007 and 2016 was carried out. The sample analyzed 2,053 papers, extracted from twenty journals of the Web of Science Core Collection platform. The following were evaluated: total number of publications, production by area of knowledge and by country, authors, periodicals and the most cited words. The results shows that 2012 and 2013 were the most productive periods, and that the annual growth rate of publication was 1.8%. The most significant academic areas were Geography, Computer Science, Physical Geography, and Environmental Sciences/Ecology. The three major publishing clusters were North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Asia. The International Journal of Geographic Information Science was considered the most important journal. The most relevant topics were cellular automata, relationship between GIS and users, integration of GIS with remote sensing, different land use classification methods, and critical reflections on technologies and GIS.
Access to energy occurs quite unevenly in large urban areas, with a direct relationship between energy and social vulnerabilities. This study is guided by the hypothesis that, contrary to what is observed in the world urban pattern, these vulnerabilities are notor are barelycorrelated in the city of São Paulo. This research aims to prove this hypothesis through a comparative analysis between energy vulnerability and social vulnerability, respectively mapped by the Research Center for Gas Innovation (RCGI) and by Fundação Seade, for all residential areas of the municipality, evidencing the degree of correlation among these. The study was based on the Hierarchical Process Analysis (AHP) method and on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, using the census sectors of the 2010 Demographic Census as a basis. However, the results show that the hypothesis was partially refuted, because, while in the extremes of the municipality and in the urban peripheries high values predominate for both vulnerabilities, with high correlation; in the central areas, there are predominantly low values for both, also with high correlation. The exceptions to the ruleand therefore, in the few cases where the hypothesis was corroboratedoccurred in only five districts two ninety-six of the capital. In these few places, energy vulnerability proved to be higher than social vulnerability for two main reasons: (1) the high density of road trees that negatively interfere with the physical integrity of the wiring; and (2) the relative absence of priority areasespecially hospitals and prisonsthat guarantee constant electricity supply. We found that, contrary to expectations, vulnerabilities (energy and social) were directly correlated in residential areas of São Paulo, which is in line with the pattern observed in other cities around the world. Therefore, the hypothesis was mostly refuted.
This research focuses on drawing a comparison between how the UK and Brazil have managed their energy mixes since the oil crisis of the 1970s to the present time. The analysis is based on four variables: diversification, power, sustainability and efficiency. The main hypothesis assumes that the evolution of energy mixes is more related to the available natural resources and the physical features of both countries than to political decisions. Technically, we used official data organized into graphs and charts for the decades of 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017. The preliminary results showed that in both countries, all the variables changed positively, but the efficiency has been higher in the UK since the British GDP increases with the increasingly drop in energy production. Therefore, these preliminary results showed that the hypothesis better explained the Brazilian context than the British context.
Agradeço ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Alfredo Pereira de Queiroz Filho, pelo imensurável apoio prestado durante a execução deste trabalho. Aos professores, amigos e colegas do curso de Geografia da UNICSUL, local este, onde com muita estima, iniciei meus estudos em Geografia. Aos amigos e colegas da Novo Ambiente, onde além de fazer grandes amizades, também tive a oportunidade de entrar em contato com o SIG e fazer meus primeiros mapeamentos. Aos meus pais, Celi e Milton, pelo grande amor e compreensão nas horas difíceis; e à família "Vastella" pelo grande carinhotios e primos queridos, em especial em memória à minha avó Niobel. À Ana Patrícia, pelo amor, carinho e paciência. Aos alunos, amigos, e colegas da E.E. Matilde Maria Cremm, em Itapecerica da Serra, escola onde lecionei e estudei. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pelo fornecimento da Bolsa de Estudos entre 09/2015 e 06/2016. À Universidade de São Paulo e a seus professores da Geografia, por me acolherem no Programa de Mestrado; e ao Laboratório de Aerofotogeografia da USP, onde realizei grande parte deste trabalho. Á banca de avaliação, pela leitura e análise da dissertação. E principalmente, a Deus e aos espíritos de luz que me auxiliaram nos momentos difícieis durante esta longa jornada. VIII "Enquanto estiver absorvendo uma ideia antagônica, você estará em conflito consigo mesmo. A vida intelectual é feita desse conflito: não é possível tê-la com todos os problemas resolvidos de antemão, sem dúvidas, sem angústias e sem sofrimentos." Olavo de Carvalho IX Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar artigos relacionados a sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) em periódicos internacionais em um período de dez anos (2006-2015), evidenciando os principais autores, fontes/periódicos, palavraschave, temas correlatos, países e universidades. Os SIGs atendem a um grande leque de finalidades cartográficas e espaciais, tendo uma série de aplicações em ciências humanas, exatas, e biológicas; sendo necessário assim, o entendimento do seu contexto científico em contexto internacional. A bibliometria foi utilizada como ferramental para a análise quantitativa e qualitativa deste cenário: com base em dados do Web of Science Core Colletion, e através de procedimentos bibliométricos, foi possível representar e compreender os principais elementos da ciência em/sobre SIG do período. Constatou-se a importância do SIG para a geografia: os principais autores ou são geógrafos, ou possuem pós-graduações em geografia, ou trabalham em departamentos de geografia; entretanto, apesar da maior parte das publicações pertencerem à esta área, os principais periódicos são multisciplinares, envolvendo temas e palavras-chave relacionados à análise espacial. No âmbito territorial, Estados Unidos, China e Europa Ocidental lideram as pesquisas globais em/sobre SIG; sendo o Brasil relevante no cenário sulamericano, porém periférico no cenário global. Evidenciou-se, no geral, uma significante desigualdade na produção científica para parâmetros pesqui...
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