Introduction: Concerns regarding police brutality and violence against people of color in the U.S. remain high in the current sociohistorical moment in which the recent murder of George Floyd by a police oficer is highly salient. Although the prevalence and consequences of such experiences for Black and Latina/x/o adults have been documented in the literature, there is a limited understanding of youths' negative experiences with police. Methods: Utilizing a sample of 1378 adolescents (M age = 16.16 years, SD = 1.12), the current study examined Black, Latina/x/o, and White youths' self-reports of ethnic-racial police discrimination and linked these experiences to youths' academic engagement and academic grades.Results: Black and Latina/x/o youth reported signiicantly greater experiences of ethnic-racial police discrimination than their White counterparts; nearly 24% of Black youth and 20% of Latina/x/o youth experienced at least one instance of ethnic-racial police discrimination in the last year, compared to only 2.9% of White youth. Differences by gender emerged among Latina/ x/o youth. Police discrimination was associated with lower academic engagement and lower academic grades among all youth. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that the greater prevalence of ethnic-racial police discrimination in the lives of youth of color, relative to their White counterparts, mirroring the experiences of adults. Furthermore, coupled with the signiicant links with academic adjustment, the current indings demonstrate an additional factor that is likely implicated in the Black and Latina/ x/o vs. White academic achievement gap. Ethnic-racial discrimination remains a salient stressor for youth of color in the U.S. and has been consistently linked to their academic functioning (Benner et al., 2018). Most work examining experiences of ethnic-racial discrimination, however, has focused on general experiences, oftentimes not distinguishing the speciic source of discrimination (Benner et al., 2018). Recent media accounts of police brutality and violence with youth and adults of color have garnered increased attention around ethnic-racial discrimination from police (e.g., Goldsmith, 2010). There remains, however, a lack of empirical studies that provide information on the prevalence

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Rooted in multiracial feminist theory, this research investigated the roles of adults engaged in youth participatory action research (YPAR) projects focused on developing critical perspectives of gender, power, and critical hope with the youth of color. Across 10 weeks, two novice adult facilitators documented ethnographic observations (i.e., voice memos) of their experiences collaborating with youth in YPAR. Voice memos were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. Our findings highlight how we deconstructed adultism, prioritized humanizing youth, and integrated critical gender perspectives to understand gender as a mechanism of systemic oppression. Our purpose was to capture moments of breakthroughs, realizations, and tensions as scholars contending with inexperience in YPAR and share our journey with other researchers interested in YPAR. We provide recommendations for adults to develop pathways towards humanity for the youth of color, collective resistance and take social justice action steps towards a critically hopeful future.

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