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Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The aim of the present paper is to report a rare case of centrally located ICC involving the hepatocaval confluence and generating a tumor thrombus in the biliary duct of segment 4 expanding into the left hepatic duct and main common duct, mimicking a type IIIB Klatskin tumor. Case presentation: A 66-year old female presented for epigastric abdominal pain and weight loss, with cytolysis (ALAT= 323 U/l; normal ASAT), high GGT (618 U/L), but normal phosphatase alkaline and bilirubin levels; CA 19-9 was elevated (257 U/mL), while CEA was normal. At dual-phase multi-detector CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, a simultaneous ICC and type IIIB perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) were diagnosed. Intraoperatively, the ICC located in segments 1, 4 and 8, infiltrating the left and middle hepatic veins and in contact with the right hepatic vein was confirmed, while the hilar lesion proved to be a bile duct tumor thrombus originating from the ICC. Consequently, a left hepatectomy extended to segments 1 and 8 with hilar approach, with en-bloc resection of main biliary duct, and hilar lymph node dissection was performed. The right hepatic vein and an accessory middle hepatic vein were preserved, accepting 0-mm resection margin at this level. The postoperative outcome was remarkably uneventful. Conclusion: Locally advanced ICC is a challenging presentation for both diagnosis and treatment, for which complex major liver resection is effective when performed in a high volume HPB center.

BACKGROUND Given its size and location, the liver is the third most injured organ by abdominal trauma. Thanks to recent advances, it is unanimously accepted that the non-operative management is the current mainstay of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients. However, those patients with hemodynamic instability that generally present with severe liver trauma associated with major vascular lesions will require surgical management. Moreover, an associated injury of the main bile ducts makes surgery compulsory even in the case of hemodynamic stability, thereby imposing therapeutic challenges in the tertiary referral hepato-bilio-pancreatic centers’ setting. CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 38-year-old male patient with The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade V liver injury and an associated right branch of portal vein and common bile duct avulsion, due to a crush polytrauma. The patient was referred to the nearest emergency hospital and because of the hemorrhagic shock, damage control surgery was performed by means of ligation of the right portal vein branch and right hepatic artery, and hemostatic packing. Afterwards, the patient was referred immediately to our tertiary hepato-bilio-pancreatic center. We performed depacking, a right hepatectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. On the 9 th postoperative day, the patient developed a high output anastomotic bile leak that required a redo of the cholangiojejunostomy. The postoperative period was marked by a surgical incision site of incomplete evisceration that was managed non-operatively by negative wound pressure. The follow-up was optimal, with no complications at 55 mo. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current case clearly supports that a favorable outcome in severe liver trauma with associated vascular and biliary injuries is achieved thru proper therapeutic management, conducted in a tertiary referral hepato-bilio-pancreatic center, where a stepwise and complex surgical approach is mandatory.

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