The aim of the study was to identify and quantify cerebral cortex neuron damage in baclofen and baclofen ethanol poisoning. Material and methods.A histological study of 25 rat cerebral cortex was performed. The animals were divided into 5 groups. The controls received neither baclofen nor ethanol. Groups 1 and 3 received baclofen (85 mg/kg), groups 2 and 4 received baclofen (85 mg/kg) and ethanol (7 ml/kg). Group 1 and 3 animals were euthanized 4 hours, group 2 and 4 animals -24 hours after the drug administration. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by Nissl method. We examined the sections by light microscopy (magnification 400x) and calculated the number of damaged neurons. Statistical processing was performed by nonparametric Mann-Whitney method. The share of neurons with reversible and irreversible changes in the controls was 13% and 9%. 4 hours after baclofen administration the share of neurons with reversible changes and irreversible changes was 22% and 21%. 4 hours after baclofen and ethanol administration we observed an increase in the share of reversible (24%) and irreversible (29%) changes of neurons. 24 hours after baclofen administration the share of reversible and irreversible changes was 25% and 37%. Baclofen and ethanol administration caused an increase in the share of neurons with reversible (27%) and irreversible (41%) changes. The difference s between group 3 (4 hours) and controls was significant; in group 4 (24 hours) the difference was significant in comparison to controls and to group 3 (4 hours). Understanding the processes occurring in the brain during baclofen and baclofen ethanol administration will allow to provide medical care to this category of patients more effectively. The identified signs of brain neuron damage, along with the results of forensic chemical analysis, can be used to establish the immediate cause of death.