One of the major challenges facing the selection of leguminous crops, and pea in particular, is to increase their technological properties and yield. An important problem is also the increase of protein content in the seeds. The aim of this work was to create a high-tech variety of field peas with a short growing period. By repeated individual selection from the hybrid population of the Chishminsky 95 × Usach field pea, a precocious, highly productive PamyatiHangildina variety of pea (leafless) was obtained. The combination of new mutant traits in one plant (seed shedding - def gene, leafless type - af gene) and elements of productivity structure with optimal level of their development allowed the variety to successfully pass all tests and in 2012 it was included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation . For an average of 5 years of competitive testing, the variety had a seed yield of 1.62 t/ha, exceeding the standard (control) by 0.67 t/ha. The created variety has a short growing period and a high content of protein in the seeds. The research results could be successfully used in the selection of improved peas.

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Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops, but its seed productivity varies from year to year due to weather conditions. Alfalfa is a forage crop rich in nutrients which makes it valuable. The present 5-year study aimed to identify the promising alfalfa varieties based on their economic and biological characteristics, such as high seed productivity, a high yield of forage mass, good quality, and stress resistance. Results The study contributes information about the promising varieties of alfalfa characterized by high biomass and seed productivity. Varieties such as P-88044, U-73+149 and S-302 had stable seed/green mass yields regardless of climatic conditions; hence, they may be used for alfalfa selection in the southern forest-steppe regions of Bashkortostan. Conclusions The present findings can be used for alfalfa selection in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). In addition, the results will be of interest to crop breeders across the globe.

The main reserve for improving of pea grain production is the development of new highly productive varieties. In this case, intraspecific hybridization is the main tool, but the patterns of inheritance by hybrids of several economically valuable traits are still insufficiently studied. The purpose of the current work was to establish the inheritance nature of productivity traits in pea hybrids. The trials were carried out in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 8 pea hybrid combinations F1 and F2. The estimation of the collection and hybrid material was carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Variety Testing (2019). Segregation analysis in F1 pea hybrids has revealed different types of inheritance of the studied quantitative traits, from hybrid depression to overdominance. According to ‘plant height’, the dominance degree (hp) varied from 0 to 3.00. According to ‘number of pods per plant’ it varied from –0.50 to 3.00. According to ‘number of beans per pod’ it varied from 1.67 to 4.00. According to ‘1000-seed weight’ it varied from 0.20 to 0.44. Hybridological analysis of F2 pea plants based on ‘plant height’ in 4 hybrid combinations has revealed incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.20 to –0.43), in 4 hybrid combinations it was incomplete dominance (hp from 0.60 to 0.69). According to ‘number of pods per plant’, two hybrid combinations have shown complete dominance (hp = 1.00), one hybrid combination has shown incomplete dominance (hp = 0.35), five hybrid combinations have shown incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.50 to –0, 71). The trait ‘1000-seed weight’ in all hybrid combinations was inherited according to the type of incomplete dominance (hp from 0.10 to 0.16). According to ‘number of beans per pod’, four hybrid combinations have shown incomplete dominance (hp from 0.67 to 0.83); one hybrid combination has shown incomplete negative dominance (hp = –0.50); three hybrid combinations have shown complete negative dominance (hp = –1.00).

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