Introduction. Stroke has a high prevalence and mortality rate. Examining the impact of patient treatment on disease outcomes is particularly important for decision making in clinical practice. Obj'ectives. To analyze the treatment of patients with severe stroke requiring respiratory support, and identify predictors of death. Materials and methods. A multicenter observational clinical study “REspiratory Therapy for Acute Stroke” (RETAS) was conducted under the aegis of the “Federation of Anaesthesiologists and Reanimatologists” (FAR). The study involved 14 clinical centers and included 1289 stroke patients with respiratory support. Results. We found that initial hypoxemia in the 28-day period was associated with high mortality (in patients with 20 or more NIH scores) (p = 0.004). Risk factors for lethal outcome: hyperventilation used to relieve intracranial hypertension (in patients with 20 or more NIH scores) (p = 0.0336); volume-controlled ventilation (VC) versus pressure-controlled ventilation (PC) (in patients with 20 or more NIH scores) (p < 0.001); use of clinical methods for monitoring ICP in comparison with instrumental ones (p < 0.001). We found that the use of standard respiratory status monitoring scales (CPIS, LIS, etc.) was associated with a decrease in mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusions. We identified risk factors that increase mortality in patients with acute stroke with respiratory support: initial hypoxemia, lack of instrumental monitoring of ICP and monitoring of respiratory status according to standard scales, the use of hyperventilation, as well as volume-controlled ventilation.

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