Introduction Physical distancing guidelines during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced medical residency programs to move a large portion of required didactics to virtual settings. Toxicology, a core component of emergency medicine (EM) education, was forced to adapt to similar constraints. An in-person escape room style puzzle was modified to a virtual format for educational purposes, and shared with and evaluated by two different residency programs. Materials and methods A virtual escape room, “Escape the Toxin: Online!” was created to test knowledge of toxicologic ingestion and antidote utilizing Google Forms and delivered using Zoom teleconference software to two EM residency programs in the Philadelphia region. After small groups completed the gamified activity, their scores were calculated and they completed an anonymous evaluation. Results Residents at the program where a Medical Toxicology fellowship is located found the virtual escape room to be more effective and enjoyable compared to the second program. Despite some differences in perceived effectiveness, the majority of participants were able to correctly solve the puzzle and get to the antidote. Conclusion The majority of learners who participated from both residencies agreed that they would recommend this virtual program to other EM residents.
A 34-year-old man was found down in a parking lot after huffing fifteen cans of Dust-Off. Though lucid during the initial hospital evaluation, the patient experienced a generalized seizure followed by a torsades de pointes arrhythmia and was resuscitated. An echocardiogram revealed left and right ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 25%. This unique outcome of inhalant abuse has scarcely been reported in similar cases. The patient fully recovered and had a normal ejection fraction prior to discharge.
An ISS average of 3.9 was significantly less than two previous tornadoes of similar strength that occurred prior to increased usage of Dual-pol radar and Twitter as a means for communicating severe weather information. Early detection from Dual-pol radar improved warning time. Tweets informed citizens to seek appropriate shelter. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:585-592).
A 30-year-old male with a past history of polysubstance use presents to a drug rehabilitation facility after cocaine and heroin use just prior to arrival. While drinking at a water fountain at the facility, he became unresponsive. He was discovered to have an oxygen saturation of 50% on room air with an improvement to 87% on non-rebreather masks. Arterial blood gas revealed a methemoglobin level of 45.8%. The patient was given methylene blue with a repeat methemoglobin level of 0.00% within six hours. We attribute this presentation to local anesthetic-adulterated cocaine, a well-documented cause of methemoglobinemia in the United Kingdom rarely described in the United States.
A 22-month-old girl without any significant medical history accidentally consumed a small amount of a therapeutic compounding cream that contained camphor, gabapentin, clonidine, ketoprofen, and lidocaine. Upon presentation to the emergency department, the child exhibited immediate onset of altered mental status with wide fluctuation in her vital signs, which included intermittent apnea requiring bag-valve mask assistance and endotracheal intubation. Serum laboratory analysis measured a clonidine level of 2.6 ng/mL and undetectable camphor, gabapentin, and ketoprofen levels. While on mechanical ventilation, the patient exhibited hypothermia, bradycardia, and hypotension; all of which responded to supportive care. After approximately 12 hours in the intensive care unit, the patient was successfully extubated and remained asymptomatic. This unique case of a patient with brief, unintentional oral exposure to a compounding cream, who demonstrated severe toxicity despite only a measured, supratherapeutic clonidine concentration, is discussed. Emergency physicians and pediatricians should be alert to the potential for exposure of pediatric patients to these medicinal compounds. Furthermore, parents must be made aware of the potential dangers of compounded medications and ensure their proper usage and storage.
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