The vision of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) for Indonesia not only raises national awareness but also gets international attention. Jokowi in the first term of his administration echoed this vision as the identity of his foreign policy. However, in its implementation, there are various shortcomings. As a result, the vision did not work out well. Especially during his second election as president of Indonesia, Jokowi no longer mentioned GMF as a priority policy. This paper aims to analyze the causes of the failure to implement the GMF vision in Jokowi's first term as president. Several previous studies on GMF were divided into 3 major studies, namely security studies, international cooperation, then regional and geopolitical studies. Most of these studies discuss GMF Indonesia's vision only in the international scope, such as cooperation formed with other countries, its influence on the region, geopolitical implications, and also on the perspective of threats and security. There is no research that specifically addresses the problems and challenges of the GMF. By the governmental and leadership approach in policy studies, this paper identifies the factors that have resulted in the GMF vision's lack of implementation. This article argues that uncoordinated governance, overlapping institutions, and Jokowi's lack of leadership are the main determinants of the success or failure of the GMF vision. The limitations of this study allow for further analysis of the economic perspective of GMF in subsequent studies.

The Arab Spring phenomenon has a negative impact on security stability in the Middle East. One of them is triggering the Syrian civil war. The civil war, which was originally a domestic Syrian problem, then escalated to Turkish territory. In the end, it had a bad impact on the relationship between Turkey and Syria, which was good before the civil war began. This paper aims to analyze the causes of the change in Turkey's political attitude towards Syria, and the decision to intervene military in Syria. Previous studies have discussed much of Turkey's role as a peacemaker for the conflict. It did not specifically discuss the reasons behind Turkey's military intervention in Syria. With a securitization theory approach, this article identifies the existential threat factors faced by Turkey. Especially the speech act variable in this theory seeks to analyze the political statement of Turkish authorities. This study uses qualitative methods in providing causal explanations. This article identifies that the various threats faced by Turkey as implications of civil war cannot be separated from the role of the Bashar Assad regime in Syria. The main argument is the Assad regime in Syria is the main root of Turkey's various security problems. However, this article does not measure the effectiveness of Turkey's military approach to the threats it faces in Syria. The theory of securitization has limitations in carrying out this effectiveness analysis.