ResumenEste artículo analiza el desempeño del control de corriente predictivo en la operación de inversores fuente de voltaje o Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), que sirven de elemento de conexión de energías renovables a la red eléctrica. El VSI es comúnmente utilizado para convertir señales de corriente continua, obtenidas a partir de fuentes renovables o de sistemas de acumulación, en señales de corriente alterna de amplitud y frecuencia constantes. Con este propósito, se implementa una estrategia que define la secuencia de conmutación de los semiconductores de potencia del convertidor conocida como técnica PWM. Además, se requiere realizar el control de la corriente que se inyecta a la red requiriendo un algoritmo de control adicional, que actúa en conjunto con la técnica PWM. El principal aporte del artículo consiste en demostrar que el control de corriente predictivo presenta mejores características en comparación con el control orientado de corriente, que es la estrategia más conocida. Inicialmente, se analizan las técnicas PWM convencionales y luego, se realiza la formulación de las técnicas de control de corriente. El control predictivo minimiza el error futuro de la corriente definiendo el mejor estado de conmutación en cada período. Las dos técnicas de control de corriente presentan buenos resultados. Pero sobresale el control predictivo por su simplicidad, fácil implementación, bajo contenido armónico y menor tiempo de respuesta. Palabras claveConvertidor fuente de tensión, técnica PWM, control de corriente, control orientado, control predictivo. AbstractThis paper analyzes the performance of the predictive current control technique in the operation of Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) used to connect renewable resources to the power grid. VSIs are commonly used to convert DC power from renewable energy sources, such as energy storage units, solar power plants and fuel cells, to AC power with constant magnitude and frequency. For this purpose, a strategy known as PWM was implemented to determine the switching sequence of the converter's power semiconductors. In addition, the current being injected into the grid must be controlled; thus, an additional control algorithm was required to operate in conjunction with the PWM technique. The main contribution of this paper is demonstrating that predictive current control presents better characteristics than current-oriented control, the most widely used strategy. The first section analyzes conventional PWM techniques and, in the second part, current control techniques are formulated. Predictive control minimizes the future error of the current by defining the best switching state in each period. The two current control techniques present good performance. However, predictive control is preferable due to its simplicity, easy implementation, low harmonic content, as well as reduced response time.
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