El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características productivas, indicadores económicos, índice de adopción de tecnología y la relación entre ellos, en unidades de producción en bovinos de doble propósito. La investigación se desarrolló en tres regiones del trópico mexicano (Tabasco, Chiapas y Sinaloa), en 30 unidades de producción del sistema doble propósito, elegidos con muestreo aleatorio, se estableció un sistema de registros que incluyó variables productivas, prácticas de manejo y erogaciones del proceso de producción. Con un análisis de varianza se detectaron diferencias en las variables productivas e indicadores económicos entre regiones y un análisis de regresión fue utilizado para medir la relación del índice de adopción tecnológica con las variables de desempeño económico. La producción promedio de leche por vaca y día fue de 6,47; 5,49 y 12,24 l; el índice de adopción tecnológica (con escala de 0 a 21) fue de 10,95; 9,20 y 12,24 y el coste de producción de un litro de leche fue de 0,24 €, 0,26 € y 0,28 € en Tabasco, Chiapas y Sinaloa, respectivamente, difiriendo entre regiones (P < 0,05). Los componentes tecnológicos más usados fueron en el área de alimentación, con frecuencias promedio de 97%, 93% y 100% y la frecuencia menor se presentó en el área de reproducción con 40%, 20% y 30% para Tabasco, Chiapas y Sinaloa, respectivamente. El índice de adopción tecnológica se relacionó positivamente con la producción de leche, la rentabilidad sobre la inversión y la utilidad.

Abstract-Currently, the use of the tools of information technology and communication in education has begun to strengthen the field of teaching and learning, however, the application of pedagogical models that focus on student learning increase response apprehension of knowledge by the learner. From this perspective, metacognition becomes an incentive to improve the student to self-regulate their learning processes. Therefore, this research includes a component in the area of digital technology for the process of design and development of Multimedia Educational Material (MDM) in Plant Histology for obtaining a package containing a digital book software and a series of video explaining the issues that relate to the topic of biology worked through tools Adobe suite. On the other hand, the pedagogical application was performed using a metacognitive strategy to improve the learning process of students Lic. In Agricultural Production (LPA). Followed proceeded to its application to the courses of Biology, Botany and Plant Education I, II and IV semester LPA, respectively. The implementation of MDM regulated metacognitive strategy was the teacher and teaching assistants for each course during the semester as axes. This was done to generate selflearning skills in students. Thus, the main findings relate to any of the courses students lost the shaft material in which the MDM Plant Histology was running. Moreover, in the scope of skills and metacognitive skills, students met up on average in each of the courses by 1.0, equivalent to an improvement of twice that they set according to the initial test performed. In conclusion, the combination of MDM and the use of an educational component allows and enables students to acquire skills that will facilitate learning. Abstract-Currently, the use of the tools of information technology and communication in education has begun to strengthen the field of teaching and learning, however, the application of pedagogical models that focus on student learning increase response apprehension of knowledge by the learner. From this perspective, metacognition becomes an incentive to improve the student to self-regulate their learning processes. Therefore, this research includes a component in the area of digital technology for the process of design and development of Multimedia Educational Material (MDM) in Plant Histology for obtaining a package containing a digital book software and a series of video explaining the issues that relate to the topic of biology worked through tools Adobe suite. On the other hand, the pedagogical application was performed using a metacognitive strategy to improve the learning process of students Lic. In Agricultural Production (LPA). Followed proceeded to its application to the courses of Biology, Botany and Plant Education I, II and IV semester LPA, respectively. The implementation of MDM regulated metacognitive strategy was the teacher and teaching assistants for each course during the semester as axes. This was done to generate self-learning skills in student...

In the backyard systems in urban and semi-urban areas of the central highlands of Mexico, agriculture and livestock activities are practiced. In order to know the behavior of the economic variables in these farms, a non-probabilistic sampling by quotas was carried out, using the snowball technique, which consisted of applying surveys to a total of 92 producers, which was designed to collect information on the general characteristics of the backyard, social, and economic system, as well as the products generated from agriculture and livestock. With the information collected, an inventory of the plant and animal species that are produced in the backyard system was made, in addition to estimating economic income, variable costs, fixed costs, total costs, profits and the benefit-cost ratio for carrying out livestock activities agriculture or both in backyard systems. It was found that farmers have an average space in the backyard of 360.5 m2 to carry out activities of agriculture, livestock or both. Farmers who carry out agriculture and livestock activities generate higher income and economic profits, compared to those who only carry out one activity, obtaining a benefit of 27.44 cents for each dollar invested, compared to 16.64 and 18.00 cents for developing the activity agriculture and livestock respectively. The agricultural and livestock activity in the backyard systems of the highlands of Mexico, represent an option to generate economic income for families, and generate food products for self-consumption and reduce expenses for food purchases in the family nucleus.