Scartichthys viridis maintains a herbivorous diet following recruitment to rocky intertidal areas, where it consumes almost exclusively macroalgae. The sheet-like green macroalgae Ulva and Enteromorpha were the main items consumed by individuals <130 mm L T . The tough branching red macroalga Gelidium made the bulk of the gut contents of specimens >220 mm L T , Ulva being consumed to a much lesser extent. Further, Gelidium increased in importance in the total gut contents during ontogeny. In contrast, both small (70-120 mm L T ) and medium-sized (140-210 mm L T ) S. viridis individuals preferred Ulva in the laboratory. It is suggested that the increasing consumption of Gelidium along the ontogeny of S. viridis results from the limited availability of Ulva in the field. Large S. viridis individuals possessed longer guts relative to their body length, in comparison with small individuals. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
RESUMENLa precordillera de la I Región de Chile (18º 15´S -69º 33´W) es una franja que recibe efectos tanto del adyacente desierto ubicado hacia el poniente a menor altitud, como del Altiplano, el piso superior con el cual limita hacia el oriente. La vegetación en el área presenta, en consecuencia, una variación altitudinal, donde la precordillera se ubica en el segundo de cuatro pisos denominado comúnmente tolar o estepa arbustiva pre-altiplánica (sensu Gajardo). En esta zona 10 parcelas fueron muestreadas mediante el uso de transectos, en cuatro trabajos en terreno durante el año 2002 y 2003. En ellas se investigó acerca de las formas de vida, cobertura vegetal absoluta y relativa, diversidad y riqueza de especies vegetales vasculares en un período anterior y posterior a la época de lluvias estivales (estación seca y estación húmeda). La precipitación estival del año 2002 fue 203 mm, un monto normal para la región, mientras que el año 2003 la precipitación estival fue menor e igual a 84,7 mm (inferior al 50% del promedio de la última década a esa fecha). La amplia mayoría de especies vegetales vasculares encontradas (92,9 %) es de origen nativo (n= 98 especies) y sus principales formas de vida son caméfitas, nanofanerófitas y hemicriptófitas. Los resultados de los transectos presentaron patrones de estacionalidad; arrojaron mayor cobertura, riqueza de especies y mayores índices de biodiversidad durante la estación húmeda respecto a la seca. En la estación seca nanofanerófitas y caméfitas, principalmente tolas (de la voz aymara t´ola que significa arbusto), son las formas de vida más abundantes, mientras que en la estación húmeda se suman las terófitas y hemicriptófitas herbáceas. El cambio proporcional de cobertura vegetal entre estaciones húmeda y seca, así como la participación relativa de terófitas se vieron disminuidos durante el año 2003, precedido por menor precipitación estival que el año 2002.PALABRAS CLAVES: Altiplano, vegetación, formas de vida, lluvias estivales. ABSTRACTThe pre-andean mountains of the northern Chile (18º 15´S -69º 33´W) corresponds to a narrow strip which is affected by the desert at lower altitud to the west, and the Altiplano, a higher plateau at the east. The vegetation in the area also presents an altitudinal variation, and the pre-andean mountains constitutes the second of four altitudinal floors, commonly called tolar or pre-altiplano shrubland (sensu Gajardo). Ten sampling sites were studied for life forms of plants, absolute and relative vegetal cover, plant diversity and species richness of vascular plants before and after summer rainfall (dry and wet season) in four expeditions during 2002 and 2003 by using transects. The summer rainfall in 2002 was 203 mm, considered a normal precipitation for the region, whereas the following year presented a lower amount of rain of 84.7 mm (less than 50% of normal summer rain for the area). The majority of the species of plants (92,9 %) were native (total n=98 species) and the most abundant life forms were chamaephytes, nanophanerophyt...
A.E. Muñoz, and J.A. Simonetti. 2013. Diet of guanaco in sheep-free rangeland in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):185-191. Guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the only native ungulate of Tierra del Fuego, uses the forests more extensively after the introduction of sheep. It is presumed that the regeneration of lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) is hampered by guanaco browsing. In this context, the diet of guanaco in Tierra del Fuego was evaluated through a microhistological analysis of feces in a livestock-free area dominated by lenga forest. Guanacos behaved largely as herbivorous grazers and exhibited seasonal variations in their grazing habits. Compared to other studies in Tierra del Fuego, which were conducted in areas where sheep and guanaco grazed together, we reported that the guanacos avoided and consumed fewer trees. These results have management implications, as the proper management of livestock could reduce the potential effects of the guanacos upon the lenga forests.
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