N-Alkyl-und N-Arylcyclopropanimine 9 erha'lt man in guter Ausbeute aus den a-Bromketiminen 8 durch 1,3-EIiminierung von Bromwasserstoff mit iiberschiissigem Kalium-terf-butylat in Tetrahydrofuran. Aus dem a-Bromcyclohexanimin 14 entsteht das vom Bicyclo(3.
The 1-pyrazolin-4-ones 7 and 9 and the pyrazolidin-4-one 13 are condensed with alkanamines 8 to produce the imines 3, lO and 12 in high yields. Direct irradiation of 3 with 350-nm light at 90°C in deuterated hydrocarbon solvents affords the cyclopropanimines 4 in almost quantitative yields besides molecular nitrogen and small amounts of the imines 12 as a result of photoreduction. In [D,]acetone, the cyclopropanimine 4 b isomerizes in part of the a$-unsaturated imine 14. Direct irradiation of 3 with the unfiltered light of the high-pressure mercury lamp results in quantitative [2 + 1] cycloreversion of the primary photoproducts 4 into the alkene 6 and an isocyanide 5. At low temperature (lO°C), photolysis of 3 occurs much more slowly giving rise to photoextrusion of nitrogen (-4) and photoreduction (-12) to about the same extent. -Photolysis of the stereochemically labelled iminopyrazolines cis-and trans-10 (d.e. 99%) at 90°C produces the cyclopropanimines cis-and trans-16 (d. e. 94%) with high stereospecificity. The configuration of cis-and trans-16 is established by a comparison with the corresponding methylenecyclopropanes cis-and trans-19 and the quantitative and completely stereospecific [2 + 1 1 cycloreversion into methyl isocyanide (5a) and the 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexenes (4-and (4-17 on irradiation with the unfiltered light of the mercury arc. The necessity of thermal activation for efficient nitrogen extrusion from the '(n,n*) state of 3 and 10 is indicative of a considerable energy barrier towards the transition into a dissociative state. At low temperature, hydrogen abstraction from the solvent or other molecules becomes important for the deactivation of the '(n,x*) state, in addition to decay and fluorescence. The stereospecific formation of cis-and trans-16 is interpreted in terms of diastereomeric bis-orthogonal azatrimethylenemethane diradicals as intermediates which retain the configuration on cyclization. The minor non-stereospecific path may involve mono-orthogonal azatrimethylenemethane diradicals. Thus, mechanisms that involve the same types of diradical intermediates can rationalize the photolysis of the iminopyrazolines 3, 10 and of the methylenetriazoline 1 as well. The [2 + 1 1 cycloreversion of cis-and trans-16 into the alkenes (2) and (E)-17 and methyl isocyanide (5a) demonstrates for the first time that such photoreactions can be entirely stereospecific.The chemistry of cyclopropanones 3, has been enriched and extented by the syntheses4-') and reactions8) of cyclopropanimines. A Favorskii-type 1,3-dehydrobromination of cl-bromo ketimines is the method of choice for the synthesis of cyclopropanimines provided that, by virtue of a shielding substitution pattern, they are not too reactive towards nucleophile~~"). On the other hand, highly reactive cyclopropanimines, devoid of ring substituents, are readily available by thermal isomerization of methylena~iridines~~). Eventually, the parent compound has been generated by heterogeneous 1,2-dehydrochlorination of N-chlorocyclopropanamine and iden...
Die Synthese von α‐Bromketiminen gelingt auf zwei Wegen, die sich ergänzen. Umsetzung der α‐Bromimidoylchloride 3 mit Grignard‐Verbindungen bei tiefer Temperatur ergibt eindeutig bezüglich der Stellung des Bromatoms in guten Ausbeuten die N‐Alkyl‐ und N‐Aryl‐α‐bromketimine 4. Das N‐(tert‐Butyl)brom‐tert‐butylketenimin 6 reagiert dagegen unerwartet unter Substitution des Broms.‐Die Bromierung der N‐tert‐Butylketimine 9, die sich von Methylketonen ableiten, mit N‐Bromsuccinimid oder 2,4,4,6‐Tetrabromcyclohexadienon erfolgt weitgehend regioselektiv an der Methylgruppe. Aus den primären Bromierungsprodukten erhält man beim Erwärmen durch (vermutlich säurekatalysierte) Isomerisierung und Disproportionierung Gleichgewichtsgemische, in denen die Bromimine 13 mit dem Bromatom an der höhersubstituierten α‐Stellung stark überwiegen.‐Das N‐tert‐Butylimin des Tetramethylcyclohexanons 10 liefert mit dem Tetrabrom‐cyclohexadienon ein Tautomerengemisch von Monobrom‐Verbindungen, mit Brom dagegen stets nur das α‐α'‐Dibromenamin 17. Aus sterischen Gründen reagiert dieses mit Protonen oder überschüssigem Brom nur noch am Stickstoff.‐Die Strukturen der Verbindungen werden durch IR‐und 1H‐NMR‐Spektren gesichert, aus denen auch Rückschlüsse auf die bevorzugte Konfiguration und Konformation abgeleitet werden.
Bei den N‐Cycloalkyliden‐tert‐butylaminen 1–3 sind aus sterischen Gründen auffallend hohe Enamin‐Gehalte im Tautomerengleichgewicht 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch feststellbar. Die Gleichgewichtslage ist stark lösungsmittelabhängig (z. B. 3‐E in CD3OD 11%, CD3NO2 30%, C6D6 44%) und korreliert nicht mit bisher bekannten Lösungsmittelparametern.
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