In this study, we assessed the potential value of free serum osteocalcin or bone gla protein (BGP), the most abundant non collagenous matrix protein found in bone and dentin, to reflect changes of bone turnover in thoroughbred horses. Levels of osteocalcin were analyzed in serum samples of 54 clinically normal animals divided into three groups (A, B, C) according to age: 8, 16-18 and 24-36 months, in order to determine the standard for young horses of different age and sex. Serum BGP was measured by an in-house developed double antibody radioimmunoassay using bovine antigen. The mean BGP levels (ng/ml) were 45.65 +/- 11.69; 33.65 +/- 16.65; 15.08 +/- 6.70 respectively for groups A, B and C; statistically significant differences were found between groups (A vs B and C; Bvs C). Difference between males and females was found significant in group C with higher values in the females: 18.75 +/- 5.00 against 14.43 +/- 10.47 i n the males. This can be considered a sex related effect on BGP serum levels after the onset of puberty. Correlation coefficient between age and serum BGP for females and males were r 5 20.598 ( P < 0.001) and r 5 200.807 (P < 0.001) respectively. A significant negative linear relationship could be established between these two parameters in males during the growth period. The regression equation between serum BGP and age for males was (month of age = 65.14-1.68. BGP). In the female group the gestation and lactation are variables that lower the correlation coefficient between age and serum BGP levels. These results suggest that serum BGP decreases in thoroughbred horses during the growth period, and significant differences between sexes were found only after the onset of puberty.

Pathological studies have revealed that one of the main features encountered in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary hypertension is the presence of thrombotic lesions. Open pilot studies have indicated that aerosolized iloprost may have beneficial effects in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The effects of aerosolized iloprost on platelet function and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were studied.Platelet aggregation and plasma cAMP were measured at baseline, 30 min, 4 and 6 h after inhalation of 15 µg iloprost in 10 healthy volunteers. Maximal platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (2 and 6 µmol·L−1), collagen (2.5 and 5 µg·mL−1), epinephrine (1.25 and 5 µmol·L−1) and arachidonic acid (0.5 mg·mL−1) was measured.Platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited at 30 min in response to ADP (2 and 6 µmol·L−1, epinephrine (1.25 and 5 µmol·L−1) and collagen (2.5 µg·mL−1). It was still inhibited at 4 h in response to the same agents, but normalized at 6 h. cAMP increased at 30 min, from 27.3±1.2 to 31.8±1.2 nmol·L−1, remained increased at 4 h (29.2±1.3 nmol·L−1) and normalized at 6 h (27.4±1.1 nmol·L−1).Aerosolized iloprost induced a mild but sustained inhibition of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation inhibition may be one of the mechanisms which explains the beneficial effect of repeated inhalation of iloprost in pulmonary hypertension.

RESUMENLa emergencia de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas de tipo Nueva Delhi Metalo beta-lactamasas (NDM), representan, hoy en día, un verdadero problema de salud pública mundial. La presencia de este mecanismo de resistencia limita o anula las opciones terapéuticas para combatir a estas bacterias. En Latinoamérica, las cifras son cada vez más elevadas, pues se reportan en Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, entre otros. Perú no ha descrito, hasta la fecha, la presencia de este patrón de resistencia; sin embargo, desde hace varios años se presume de su existencia. Se describen nueve casos de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM, como agentes infecciosos o colonizantes, en pacientes críticamente enfermos, en su mayoría con patología neuroquirúrgica, del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, en Lima -Perú. Los pacientes de la serie descrita a continuación, representan los primeros reportes de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM en el Perú. Palabras clave: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Nueva Delhi Metalo beta-lactamasa, Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenemasa, Latinoamérica. (fuente: DeCS BIREME). Klebsiella pneumoniae NEW DELHI METALO-LACTAMASE IN A PERUVIAN NATIONAL HOSPITAL ABSTRACTThe emergence of Enterobacteria producing carbapenemases of type New Delhi Metalo beta-lactamases (NDM), represent, today, a real problem of world public health. The presence of this resistance mechanism limits or nullifies the therapeutic options to combat these bacteria. In Latin America, the figures are getting higher, as they are reported in Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, among others. Peru has not, to date, described the presence of this resistance pattern; however for several years it has been presumed to exist. Nine cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM are described, as infectious or colonizing agents, in critically ill patients, mostly with neurosurgical pathology, of Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo in Lima -Peru. The patients in the series described below represent the first reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM in Peru.

RESUMENLos accidentes causados por las setas urticantes o venenosas de las orugas de lepidópteros, se conocen como erucismo. Estos accidentes se producen por el contacto accidental, especialmente por los niños, con las cerdas sobre el cuerpo del insecto, conectadas con glándulas venenosas. Los síntomas pueden ser locales o sistémicos, con presentaciones clínicas fatales. El accidente ocasionado por las orugas del género Lonomia spp. puede desencadenar síndromes hemorrágicos, constituyendo estos la forma más grave de erucismo. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 5 años, procedente del poblado de Villarondos, en la Amazonía del Perú, departamento de Huánuco, la cual incidentalmente se hinca con las cerdas de una oruga, cursando luego con anemia hemolítica, plaquetopenia y trastorno de la coagulación. El diagnóstico fue establecido por la anamnesis, cuadro clínico, exámenes de laboratorio y respuesta al suero antilonómico. Se discuten los aspectos clínicos, laboratoriales y terapéuticos de erucismo por Lonomia spp.Palabras clave: Erucismo, Lonomia spp, coagulación intravascular diseminada, trastorno de la coagulación (fuente: DeCS BIREME). HEMORRHAGIC ERUCISM DUE TO Lonomia spp. IN A GIRL:A CASE REPORT ABSTRACT Accidents caused by urticating or poisonous setae from lepidoptera caterpillars are known as erucism. These accidents are produced by accidental contact, especially in children, with bristles on the insect's body surface, connected to venom glands. Symptoms may be local or systemic, with deadly clinical presentations. The accident caused by Lonomia spp. caterpillars can trigger bleeding disorders, which is considered the most severe type of erucism. The case of a 5-year-old girl is reported. She was from the town of Villarondos, in the Peruvian Amazon, department of Huánuco, who accidentally knelt down on caterpillar bristles, and subsequently experienced hemolytic anemia, plateletopenia, and coagulation disorder. The diagnosis was made based on the medical history, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination results, and response to antilonomic serum. The clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects of erucism due to Lonomia spp. are discussed.