Eveningness may impact general health, either physical or mental, sleep, school results and achievements, especially in younger age and in women. The role of family support is crucial, and parents should be deeply informed that abuse of technological devices during night hours may lead to the immature adjustment function of children's endogenous circadian pacemakers.

Background: There is evidence showing that marital status (MS) and marital disruption (i.e., separation, divorce, and being widowed) is associated with poor physical health outcomes, including for all-cause mortality. We evaluated the available evidence on the association between MS and cardiovascolar (CV) diseases, outcomes and CV risk factors. Methods: All relevant papers, including the MeSH term 'marital status' in their title, were searched using the PubMed database. Moreover, the crossed search terms were: "cardiovascular diseases", "acute myocardial infarction", "acute coronary syndrome", "coronary artery disease", "cardiac arrest", "heart failure", "heart diseases", "cardiovascular mortality", "cardiovascular risk factors", "hypertension", "cholesterol", "obesity", "smoking", "alcohol", "fitness and/or physical activity", "health". Casereports, comments, discussion letters, abstracts of scientific conferences, articles in other than English language, and conference abstracts or proceedings were excluded. Results: In total, 817 references were found and, according to the inclusion criteria, 35 studies (accounting for a total of 1 245 967 subjects) were considered suitable for analysis. In particular, 23 studies dealt with 'cardiovascular diseases' and 12 with 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Conclusions: The great majority of studies showed better outcomes for married persons compared with single, divorced or widowed persons. Males generally had the poorest outcomes.

In hospitalized older patients with AF, there is still a high prevalence of inappropriate OAC prescribing. Characteristics usually related to frailty are associated with the inappropriate prescribing. These findings point to the need for targeted interventions designed for internists and geriatricians, aimed at improving the appropriate prescribing of OACs in this complex and high-risk population.