Objective: Language disorders (LD) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly variable and has a severe impact on the level of functioning in autistic children. Early diagnosis of these language disorders is essential for early interventions for children at risk. The electrophysiological measurements are considered valuable tools for determining language disabilities in children with ASD. This study aimed to study and compare ABR and MMN in autistic children with language disorders. Methods: This study included a group of typically developing children and a group of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders and language disorders. Both groups were matching according to age and gender. After confirming bilateral normal peripheral hearing sensitivity, ABR was done and both absolute and interpeak wave latencies were correlated. MMN using frequency oddball paradigms were also obtained and correlated. Results: More abnormalities were reported in ABR test results in the form of delayed absolute latencies and prolonged interpeak intervals. Also, we reported prolonged latencies of MMN. Consequently, both ABR and MMN are complementary test in evaluating autistic children with language disorders. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis of remarkable dysfunction in basic auditory sound processing that may impact the linguistic development of autistic children.

Introduction: Heart rate variability have the potential to serve as a biomarker of SUDEP risk, allowing for increased counselling of patients and their families and serving as a valuable outcome measure for research aimed at developing drugs and therapies to reduce SUDEP risk. The sympathetic and parasympathetic modulatory activities of cardiac nerves result in a Holter test lasting less than 24 hours (a few minutes). Objective: for detection of heart rate variability and cardiac arrhythmias in epileptic children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 children with epilepsy. All patients were subjected to: history taking, full physical examination, echocardiography, 24 hours Holter, EEG, MRI brain, Standard 12-derivation ECG (including V4 R derivation). Results: There was a significant variability in HF, LF, LF/HF, RMSSD, SDNN and PNN50 among all time measurements throughout the day (P values <0.001). Heart rate variability was significantly worse in younger patients aged less than 10 years than others and was found comparable between males and females (P values > 0.05). Heart rate variability was significant in relation to EEG localization (All P<0.001) being worse in case of left temporal localization when compared to other types.

Background: The use of NT-proBNP in predicting outcomes after juvenile congenital heart surgery is uncertain. Objective: We wanted to determine whether the novel biomarker NT-proBNP might be used to identify babies at increased risk of readmission or death after congenital heart surgery. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done from April 2021 to January 2022, at Pediatric Intensive Care Units at Alhusien and Bab Alsharia University Hospitals. Our study included 100 patients in the pediatric and adolescent age group. Biomarkers were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with patterned arrays and electrochemiluminescence detection. The manufacturer's specifications were respected while repurposing pre-owned kits and equipment. Results: Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 pre and postoperative values were significantly associated with readmission. Postoperative NT-ProBNP values were significantly associated with readmission. Only preoperative soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 with cut-off value of 1.46 showed significant association with readmission with sensitivity and specificity of 84.6 and 79.3% respectively. Postoperative NT-ProBNP and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 with cut-off values of 904.12 and 1.46 respectively showed significant association with readmission with sensitivity and specificity of 95.5% and 97.7% respectively for NT-ProBNP and sensitivity and specificity 84.6% and 74.7% respectively for soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2. No laboratory parameter change showed significant association with readmission. Conclusion: Postoperative NT-proBNP levels were strongly related with readmission after juvenile congenital heart surgery, with good sensitivity and specificity.