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An important challenge confronted when using blanking to machine sheet metal is the treatment of the shearing force in demand for great strength and heavy stock. One of the methods used to decrease the force wanted is the increase of a punch shear angle. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the effect of shear angle for blank has a diameter (50 mm) on shear force of a low carbon steel sheet (AISI 1008). Low carbon steel is a very common material used in fabrication of sheet metal components, with thickness of (0.5 mm). Tools used in the blanking tests were one traditional flat end punch and four different bevel sheared rooftop punches, which rooftop punches were compared to. and it (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°) a punches diameter (49.95 mm) by clearance (0.025mm) for each side , with a blanking speed (500mm/min). A special blanking die set is designed and manufactured and was a blank cut by a hydraulic press whose capacity (20 ton). The results showed that the blanking forces of (AISI 1008) low carbon steel metal could be decreased radically with best bevel punch geometry. Using (10°) shear angle at the punch end, the cutting forces decreased up to (90%) compared to the ones of the traditional flat end tool

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This paper presents the forward, inverse, and velocity kinematics analysis of a 5 DOF robotic arm. The Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters are used to determination of the forward kinematics while an algebraic solution is used in the inverse kinematics solution to determine the position and orientation of the end effector. Jacobian matrix is used to calculate the velocity kinematics of the robotic arm. The movement of the robotic arm is accomplished using the microcontroller (Arduino Mega2560), which controlling on five servomotors of the robotic arm joints and one servo of the gripper. The position and orientation of the end effector are calculated using MATLAB software depending on the DH parameters. The results indicated the shoulder joint is more effect on the velocity of the robotic arm from the other joints, and the maximum error in the position of the end-effector occurred with the z-axis and minimum error with the y-axis.

Surface roughness consistency is one of the challenges for producing high-quality goods in the industry. Surface predicting efficiency plays a vital role in correctly managing the machining parameters during turning operations. Selecting the correct cutting instrument is considered one of the most critical factors influencing the machined surface’s consistency. Accordingly, this work investigates the effect of cutting tool form, coating material, and cutting parameters on surface roughness during the AISI 1045 turning process. Coated (TIN) and uncoated cutting tools were used. The operation was conducted on a computer numerically controlled (CNC) turning unit. The experiments were carried out using cutting speed, feed rate, tool type as process parameters. Taguchi method was used with three factors and two levels, which are the spindle speed (800, 1100, and 1400) rpm, feed rate (0.05. 0.1, 0.15) mm/rev, and the depth of cut (3) mm. The results revealed that the most important consideration for surface roughness is cutting speed, followed by the feed rate and tool coating, respectively.