Implementation of peer education has positive effects on CSE in these patients and reduces their hospital readmission.

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgeries are at high risk of developing delirium. Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of multimedia education on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft. Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Methods: In this study, 110 patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft were assigned to two groups, control and intervention. Patients in the intervention group received multimedia education, and those in the control group received routine training. The inclusion criteria were experiencing the coronary artery bypass graft for the first time and non-development of post-operative cardiogenic shock or myocardial rupture. After measuring the level of consciousness, patients were examined in terms of delirium using the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale twice a day from admission to discharge from the ICU. The data were statistically analysed using χ 2 test and Fisher 0 s exact test. Results: Patients of both groups were matched in terms of demographics. The highest incidence of delirium was observed on the first day after surgery in the intervention group (14.5%) and in the morning of the second day after surgery (29.1%) in the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of delirium in the morning of the second, third, and fourth days after surgery as it was higher in the control group over these days. Conclusion: Considering the lower incidence of post-operative delirium in patients who experienced multimedia education rather than control group, the use of this non-pharmaceutical method is recommended to prevent delirium in such patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of leg blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during a 3-a-side futsal game on strength-related parameters. Twelve male futsal players were randomly assigned into two groups ( n = 6 for each group) during 10 training sessions either with or without leg BFR. Prior to and post-training sessions, participants completed a series of tests to assess anabolic hormones and leg strength. Pneumatic cuffs were initially inflated to 110% of leg systolic blood pressure and further increased by 10% after every two completed sessions. In comparison with baseline, the resting post-training levels of myostatin ( p = 0.002) and IGF-1/MSTN ratio ( p = 0.006) in the BFR group changed, whereas no change in the acute level of IGF-1 and myostatin after exercise was observed. Peak torque of knee extension and flexion increased in both groups ( p < 0.05). A trend of increased neural activation of all heads of the quadriceps was observed in both groups, however, it was statistically significant only for rectus femoris in BFR ( p = 0.02). These findings indicated that the addition of BFR to normal futsal training might induce greater neuromuscular benefits by increasing muscle activation and augmenting the hormonal response.