There are some psychological changes related to advanced age in the elderly. These changes affect the individual's daily life, working life, dependency status and communication with the environment. However, age is not the only factor involved in the etiology of age-related psychological changes. Sedentary lifestyle, environmental conditions and stressful life also contribute to age-related changes. In order to understand the pathological psychological changes that can be seen in the elderly, it is necessary to learn the psychological changes that occur in the aging process. The purpose of this review is to contribute to the recognition and identification of psychologic changes in the elderly.
İleri yaşa bağlı yaşlılarda bir takım fizyolojik değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişiklikler bireyin günlük yaşamını, çalışma hayatını, bağımlılık durumunu ve çevresi ile iletişimini etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte, yaşa bağlı değişikliklerinin tümüne yalnızca yaşlanmak neden olmaz. Sedanter yaşam tarzı, çevre koşulları ve stresli yaşam da yaşlanmaya bağlı değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Yaşlılardaki patolojik değişiklikleri anlayabilmek için yaşlanma ile meydana gelen değişiklikleri öğrenmek gerekmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, yaşlılarda görülen fizyolojik değişiklerin fark edilebilmesine ve tanımlanabilmesine katkıda bulunmaktır.
Makale Tarihçe siÖz-Bu araştırma 2010 ve 2021 yılları arasında "Kas İskelet Sistemi", "Risk Faktörleri", "Çalışan Sağlığı"," Ergonomi" ve "Ofis Çalışanları" anahtar kelimeleriyle, ofis çalışanlarında kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları ve ergonominin çalışanlar üzerine etkisini incelemek ve ofis çalışanlarında ergonomik risk faktörlerin in değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek araçları tanımlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları, ofis çalışanlarında artan ve önemli bir işle ilgili sağlık sorunudur. Ayrıca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İskandinav ülkeleri ve Japonya'da kayıtlı tüm meslek hastalıklarının yaklaşık üçte birini ve daha fazlasını oluşturan en büyük meslek hastalıkları grubudur. Bu rahatsızlıklar, işle ilgili tüm hastalıkların maliyetlerinin %40 -50'sinden sorumludur. T ürkiye'de, Çalışma Gücü ve Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oran Tespit İşlemleri Yönetmeliği'nde yer alan listede meslek hastalıkları 5 grupta ele alınmakta olup Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları E Grubu olan fiziksel faktörlere bağlı gelişen meslek hastalıkları sınıfında yer almaktadır. Kas iskelet sistemi hastalıklarının gelişiminde ergonomi önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ergonomi işin insana, insanın işe uyumunu araştıran, disiplinler arası bir bilim dalıdır. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları sıklıkla ergonomik risk faktörleri ile ilişkilidir. Ergonomik risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek öz değerlendirme araçları, gözlem araçları ve doğrudan ölçüm araçları gibi birçok yöntem tanımlanmıştır. T üm yöntemler arasında Hızlı Üst Uzuv Değerlendirmesi (RULA) ve Hızlı Ofis Gerilim Değerlendirmesi (ROSA), bilgisayar iş istasyonunu ve üst uzuvları içeren diğer duruş türlerini değerlendirmek için güvenilir ve geçerli bir yöntemdir. Ofislerde yapılan bazı önlemler ve ergonomik düzenlemeler ile kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının önüne geçilebilir ve iş yerinde sağlıklı bir ortam sağlanabilir.
This study aims to develop and validate the Workplace Work Environment Ergonomics Scale (WWEES) for nurses. A comprehensive literature review was performed to create an initial pool of 40 items, which was then refined based on expert opinions. A draft scale of 32 items was formed and subjected to a pilot study with 40 nurses. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a larger sample (n = 389) to determine the scale's construct validity, resulting in a final 28-item scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was then performed on a second sample (n = 329) to verify the sub-dimensions revealed by EFA. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The final version of the Workplace Work Environment Ergonomics Scale for Nurses was found to be valid and reliable, with high internal consistency and acceptable model fit indices. The scale can be used to assess nurses' work environments from an ergonomic perspective, potentially informing interventions to enhance workplace conditions and prevent health-related issues in the nursing profession.
Background: COVID-19 has become one of the most important occupational diseases for nurses who are in close contact with patients during the pandemic period. Objectives: It was carried out to determine the working conditions and occupational safety knowledge levels of nurses during the pandemic process. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 184 nurses who work actively in Gaziantep 25 December state hospital, who are not on unpaid leave and maternity leave, and who voluntarily participated in the study. Results: It was determined that 70.7% of the nurses were women, 40.8% worked in services, 60.3% received training on occupational health and safety during the pandemic process, and 38% worked 48 hours or more per week. According to the findings, the maximum score that can be obtained from the scale was 270, the mean score of the nurses was 123.64±32.07, the highest score was obtained from the occupational diseases and complaints, and the lowest score was obtained from the accidents and poisoning subscale. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish an attitude towards occupational health and safety for nurses working in hospitals and to provide necessary legal regulations. Working hours should be regulated not to exceed 8 hours, hospitals should be inspected at regular intervals, occupational safety specialists should be made compulsory in hospitals, and working nurses should be screened for occupational diseases at certain intervals.Background: COVID-19 has become one of the most important occupational diseases for nurses who are in close contact with patients during the pandemic period. Objectives: It was carried out to determine the working conditions and occupational safety knowledge levels of nurses during the pandemic process. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 184 nurses who work actively in Gaziantep 25 December state hospital, who are not on unpaid leave and maternity leave, and who voluntarily participated in the study. Results: It was determined that 70.7% of the nurses were women, 40.8% worked in services, 60.3% received training on occupational health and safety during the pandemic process, and 38% worked 48 hours or more per week. According to the findings, the maximum score that can be obtained from the scale was 270, the mean score of the nurses was 123.64±32.07, the highest score was obtained from the occupational diseases and complaints, and the lowest score was obtained from the accidents and poisoning subscale. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish an attitude towards occupational health and safety for nurses working in hospitals and to provide necessary legal regulations. Working hours should be regulated not to exceed 8 hours, hospitals should be inspected at regular intervals, occupational safety specialists should be made compulsory in hospitals, and working nurses should be screened for occupational diseases at certain intervals.
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