No abstract

Background and aims: Nowadays, artificial insulators such as fiberglass and rock wool are used as sound absorbers in developing countries. The present study is performed to introduce new sound absorbing materials used in developed countries and discuss their acoustical characteristics. It also aims to look at the efficiency of sound absorber natural materials (green materials) as an alternative to commercial materials with a synthetic base used in different places. Methods: In order to identify new porous absorbents, their mechanism of action and various applications, a search was conducted by using keywords such as "Sound Absorbent", "Natural Noise Absorbent" and "Passive Absorber" in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Springer, Web of Knowledge, Magiran, SID, IranMedex and Google Scholar. We selected 48 review and original research papers that were about natural and recycled absorbents. Results: Most recent research includes production and optimization of sound absorbers using natural and recycled materials. The aim of all of these researches was producing green absorber materials in accordance with environmental regulations. In order to properly use these materials, in addition to knowing the benefits and suitability of absorbers for use in the intended environment, the effective factors in sound absorption such as fiber size, air flow resistance, porosity, curve, thickness and density of absorbers were considered. Conclusion: In comparison to old absorbents, new materials are safer and lighter and enjoy a more efficient technology. It seems like environmental friendly, degradable, recyclable and green noise absorbents will play on important role in the market of noise absorbents in the future. Also because of the place and different uses of absorbent materials, specialists should consider the limitations of the environment and the acoustic characteristics of the absorbents.

Designed setup for sampling of halogenated hydrogens in urine using the HS-NTD:Ni/Zn–BTC bi-MMOF.

Development of a needle trap device (NTD) packed with UiO-66 adsorbent was used for the sampling of the aromatic amine compounds (including aniline, N,N-dimethylaniline and o-toluidine) followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detector (FID) analysis.