This investigation was done to study GE interaction over twelve environments for seed yield in 18 genetically diverse genotypes. Grain yield performances were evaluated for three years at four locations in Iran using a randomized complete block design. The first two principal components (IPC1 and IPC2) were used to create a two-dimensional GGE biplot that accounted percentages of 49% and 20% respectively of sums of squares of the GE interaction. The combined analysis of variance indicated that year and location were the most important sources affecting yield variation and these factors accounted for percentages of 50.0% and 33.3% respectively of total G+E+GE variation. The GGE biplot suggested the existence of three lentil mega-environments with wining genotypes G1, G11 and G14. According to the ideal-genotype biplot, genotype G1 was the better genotype demonstrating high mean yield and high stability of performance across test locations. The average tester coordinate view indicated that genotype G1 had the highest average yield, and genotypes G1 and G12 recorded the best stability. The study revealed that a GGE biplot graphically displays interrelationships between test locations as well as genotypes and facilitates visual comparisons.

Shifting the sowing time of chickpea plants from spring to autumn in arid and semiarid regions of Iran is unavoidable. To study the feasibility of this issue, 32 desi-type chickpea genotypes were planted in Mashhad (as a temperate region) and Jolgeh Rokh (as a cold region) to screen cold-tolerant genotypes. The results revealed that 100% and 19% of the genotypes planted in Mashhad and Jolgeh Rokh had a survival range of 76-100%. MCC918 in Mashhad and MCC913 in Jolgeh Rokh had the highest height (69 and 33 cm, respectively). The highest biological yields in Mashhad and Jolgeh Rokh were found in MCC576 (1743 g m À2 ) and MCC207 (658 g m À2 ), respectively. The grain yield of 41% (13 genotypes) and 34% (11 genotypes) of the genotypes planted in Mashhad and Jolgeh Rokh was higher than the total average (316 and 82 g m À2 , respectively). Also, the maximum grain yield in Mashhad was about 2.3 times higher than in Jolgeh Rokh. According to the present experimental results, MCC259, MCC576, and MCC607 in Mashhad as a cold temperate region and MCC207, MCC212, and MCC605 in Jolgeh Rokh as a cold region had the highest winter survival percentage and grain yield compared to the other genotypes.