Background:In the last few years the number of cases of nondermatophytic onychomycosis has greatly increased.Aim:To evaluate the incidence, the clinic characteristics, and predisposing factors of nondermatophytic onychomycosis.Materials and Methods:All collected specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Microscopic examination of these specimens was carried out in potassium hydroxide solution (20%) with dimethyl sulfoxide (4%). These specimens were cultured on sabouraud's glucose agar with chloramphenicol and sabouraud's glucose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Cultures were incubated at 25°C for up to 28 days and checked twice weekly for growth.Results:Nondermatophytic onychomycosis were 11.5% of all onychomycosis. We found that Aspergillus spp. were the more responsible etiologic agents of nondermatophytic onychomycosis, resulting in a total of 28 patients (59.6%). In our study other causative agents were Acremonium spp. (17%), Fusarium spp. (12.7%), Geotrichum spp. (4.2%), Trichosporun spp., (4.2%) and Scopulariopsis spp (2.1%). In our patients moulds onychomycosis developed mainly in toenails (74.5%).Conclusion:Knowing the exact pathogen is important and has implications in therapy and prognosis.

Background:In recent years, skin diseases in wrestling have finally received the attention they deserve. Outbreaks of tinea corporis are often associated with sports involving extensive bodily contact; such sports include wrestling. Tinea corporis gladiatorum is primarily caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, infecting wrestlers at alarming rates. The management of skin infections in wrestlers and other athletes in sports involving skin-to-skin contact entails numerous challenges, from making an accurate diagnosis to determining eligibility for playing the sports. To control outbreaks, we conducted an epidemiologic investigation. The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of tinea corporis gladiatorum in wrestlers in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods:A study of dermatophytosis was carried out during the period of March 2004 to December 2005 on 612 mycological proven cases of dermatophytosis found in male wrestlers in Tehran. Mycological examination consisted of culturing of pathologic material followed by direct microscopic observation. Diagnosis was based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies.Results:T. tonsurans was the predominant dermatophyte, accounting for >90% of all tinea corporis gladiatorum isolates during the 2 year analysis. Tinea corporis gladiatorum was found to be more frequent in individuals between the ages of 10 and 20 years of age (72.7%). Wrestlers with tinea corporis gladiatorum were predominantly from wrestling clubs in southern and southeastern Tehran. Transmission of tinea corporis is primarily through skin-to-skin contact.Conclusion:Rapid identification and treatment of tinea corporis gladiatorum is required to minimize the disruption of team practices and competitions. Infection with dermatophytes can disqualify a wrestler from competing in matches, and thus, vigilant surveillance and rapid initiation of treatment is important to prevent the suspension of team practices and competitions.

A total of 1568 patients with suspected tinea capitis were examined for causative fungal agents between 1994 and 2001. Laboratory examination confirmed tinea capitis in 209 patients. Males were affected more frequently (67.5%) than females (32.5%) and in both sexes, those who were 3-11 years old, were more infected. Trichophyton violaceum was the most common aetiological agent (37.3%) followed by Trichophyton schoenleinii (21.5%), Microsporum canis (18.6%), Trichophyton verrocosum (14.8%), Trichophyton tonsurans (5.3%), Trichophyton rubrum (1%), Microsporum gypseum (1%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (0.5%). A higher incidence of the disease was found to be correlated with larger family and class size. The findings are discussed in relation to different socioeconomic and hygienic backgrounds of the children.

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ed in rare cases of ketoconazole (1%). With griseofulvin urticaria, photodermatitis, exacerbation of LE, FDE, angio-oedenia, erythema multiforme, serum sickness, TEN, have been reported. With flucytosine transient macular and urticaria] rashes have been seen. Adverse reactions of fluconazole are usually mild and include pruritus and exanthenias. However, rarely severe skin reaction have been described: erythema multiforme, StevensJohnson syndrome, TEN, FDE, angioedema, reversible alopecia. With itraconazole the most common cutaneous events have been reported pruritus and niaculo-papular eruption. AGEP, urticaria, photo-allergic reaction were also seen on rare occasions. The cutaneous adverse effects reported with terbinafine include: rash, pruritus, urticaria, erythema niultiforme, TEN, FDE, AGEP With increasing use of oral antifungal agents it is likely that the spectrum of adverse reactions will be recorded with greater frequency.During the last decades, the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically. Deep-seated mycoses are creating serious problems for clinicians working with certain populations of patients, such as those with cancer, the immunoconipromised, and physiologically conipromised. A study of fungi isolated for identification from deep fungal infections was carried out in tlie section of hledical hlycology, Pasteur Institute of IRAN from April 1994 to March 1998. 777 samples were examined for deep fungal infections. Diagnosis was established by demonstration of fungi in direct and cultural examinations. In the present report fungi were isolated from 102 men and 100 women. 68 fungi were isolated (33.7%), in patients that they had one or more predisposing factors for disseminated fungal infections. 134 (66.3%) fungi were isolated in non-compromised patients. The most frequent isolate was Candida with 72.3%. In this study frequent predisposing factors in imniunocompromised hosts were hematologic malignancy, metabolic acidosis, hyperglyceniia and organ transplant at ion.Fungal respiratory infections are being recognized with increasing frequency in parallel with an expanding population of immunocompromised patients. From 347 lower respiratory tract specimens, we isolated and identified 127 fungi by direct examination and culture as fol-lows: Cnndida albicans, Candida sp., Aspergillus Qmigntics, Aspergillusjlaow, Aspergillus nigeg Aspergillus sp., Fusariuin sp., Clndosporium bantianuni, Pseudallescheria bcydii, and Actinoiiyces sp. In this study we isolated 54.3% of fungi in patients with one or more predisposing factors for fungal diseases. Summary: Fungal sinus infections are being recognizedwith increasing frequency. We report one case with rhinocerebral and chest phaeohyphomycosis infection caused by Clndosporium bantianuin in an 18 year old man with Wegener's granuloniatosis. The diagnosis was established by histopathological appearance, direct exaniination, culture and computerized tomography (CT) scan.This case was successfully treated by a combination of surgery and amphotericin B....