The most important complications from tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are bleeding, stridor, and laryngospasm. This controlled, double-blind study was designed to investigate the effects of topical and intravenous lidocaine on stridor and laryngospasm. A total of 134 patients scheduled for elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were randomly separated into four groups. In the topical lidocaine group 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine was applied to subglottic, glottic, and supraglottic areas before endotracheal intubation. Normal saline solution was used topically for the first control group. In the intravenous lidocaine group, patients were given 1 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine before extubation, and the same amount of 0.9% NaCl was given to the second control group. Postoperative stridor, laryngospasm, cyanosis, bleeding, sedation degree, and respiratory depression were observed, and plasma lidocaine levels were measured. Both topical and intravenous lidocaine groups revealed less stridor and laryngospasm than the control groups, and no difference was found between the topical and intravenous lidocaine groups except the higher sedation scores in the early postoperative period for the intravenous lidocaine group.

RMSEA=0.06, NFI=0.97, CFI=0.98, and GFI=0.95. The values obtained demonstrated that the original factor structure of the PSI-SF had a good fit with

The aim of this research is to reveal whether resilience, irrational beliefs and psychological needs are significant predictors of cyberbullying and cyber victimization in adolescents. The research sample consisted of 849 students that studied in a high school. Personal Information Form, Revised Cyberbullying Inventory, Irrational Beliefs Scale Adolescent Form, Child and Youth Resilience Scale Brief Form and New Psychological Needs Evaluation Scale were used for data collection. Results showed that, 14.9%, 18.6% and 8.9% of the students were cyberbullies, cyber victims and cyberbullies/ cyber victims, respectively. According to the results, boys who participated in the study showed that they experienced more cyber bullying (X =1.28) than girls (X =1.23). Similarly, the mean score of boys in cyber victimization (X =1.27) was higher than females (X =1.23). In terms of parental attitudes, students who are exposed to unrelated parental attitudes are more likely to be cyber bullies. On the other hand, students exposed to oppressive parental attitudes experience more cyber victimization. It was also found that irrational beliefs, resilience and psychological needs (success, dominance, autonomy and need for relationship) significantly predicted cyber bullying and victimization. The findings will provide a better understanding of cyberbullying behaviors of adolescents and other variables such as psychological needs and beliefs, which are a significant consequence of parental behavior and parent child interaction.

We describe the clinical and patho logic f eatures of two benign myo epitheliomas of the parotid gland. Through 1985, only 42 other cases had been reported in the literature-i-Sv benign and three malignant. Fewer than lOa cases had been report ed through 1993. Since then, two other reports have been published. But are these tumors really rare, or are they simply not well recognized ? It is our opinion that they are not as rare as is generally believed because the number ofcase reports is increasing as patholo gists have become more aware of their existence.

ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı Abidin (2012) tarafından geliştirilen Anne Baba Stres Ölçeği (ABSÖ)'nin Türkçe' ye uyarlamasının yapılmasıdır. Ölçeğin orijinalindeki faktör yapısının Türk kültürüne uygunluğunun belirlenmesi içi 386 anne baba üzerinde doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla çocuklarının yaşadığı psikolojik sorunlar nedeniyle psikiyatri servisleri, rehberlik ve araştırma merkezleri ve okul rehberlik servislerine başvuran anne babalar ile bu yerlerden herhangi birine çocukları için başvurmayan anne babalara ABSÖ uygulanmış ve grupların ABSÖ'den elde ettikleri puanlar arasındaki farkın anlamlılığı t testi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Ölçme aracının güvenirliği 55 anne baba üzerinde test-tekrar test yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. ABSÖ'nün normal ve psikiyatri grupları arasında tüm alt boyutlarda anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir (p<.01). ABSÖ Çocuk Alanı'nın test-tekrar test güvenirliği .78, Ebeveyn Alanı'nın testtekrar test güvenirliği .74 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin toplam puanına ilişkin test-tekrar test güvenirliği .78'tir. ABSÖ'nün Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışmasından elde edilen değerler, ölçeğin Türk kültüründe kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir. ABSÖ'den anne babaların çeşitli alanlardan kaynaklanan stres düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde, yapılacak olan eğitimlerin etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesinde yararlanılabilir.