Mobile device Smartphones Tablets Touchsecreen Musculoskeletal disorders People using mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) have been exposed to the musculoskeletal disorder because of physical risk factors. As being lightweight; the latest generations of MTSDs are preferred for personal and work purposes as they are comfortable to operate and easy to carry. Furthermore, they have many advantageous facilities compared to conventional devices. This study aims to survey previous researches on the effects of MTSDs use on the musculoskeletal disorder. In this scope; published researches on musculoskeletal disorders, postural problems, and kinematic activities at upper extremities among people who use mobile phones or tablets for daily use are investigated. The articles reviewed were cited based on the research made from

The objective of the currently study is to point out the weaknesses of some recent researches, which were done about the effects or symptoms of using Touch Screen Mobile Devices on the human musculoskeletal system. In this article, we reviewed the research processes performed in recent 26 randomly selected papers about musculoskeletal disorder to clarify the common weaknesses of these published articles. The electronic database search and reference search were conducted in four different databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We noticed that none of the reviewed papers had performed the experimental design phase of a scientific research. Additionally they had not validated the assumptions of the statistical methods used in their researches. Therefore, their findings are doubtful. In this article, we proposed practical outlines for a reliable experimental research.

Entrance to a university depends on the acquisition of skill sets to enhance transition success. A case study of secondary schools of the scientific branch about their quality of education to discover which students skills are needed for students to succeed in the transition phase between high schools and universities. 220 participants from three different schools: public school, private school, and elite public school were examined. The skills were classified into six categories:  literacy and numeracy skills, critical thinking skills, leadership skills, Interpersonal skills, information technology skills, and school ethic skills with different items according to the type of skill. Univariate-ANOVAs were performed to explore differences in skills among demographics. Also hypothesizes that there is no difference between the different secondary schools in the six skills. The results show that there is a significant difference among the students’ perceptions of four of the six skills. Also revealed that the attitudes of elite public-school teachers were the highest, followed by the private school and, finally, the public school. This study Highlighted skills items of students’ scientific branch that should be emphasized in the secondary curriculum to enhance the transitions to universities.

The intensive and repetitive use of touch-screens may pose significant problems, such as ergonomic pain or musculoskeletal disorders. This research aims to study the effect of using mobile touch-screen devices on the human musculoskeletal system during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and to develop a model for classifying the effects of musculoskeletal stress (pain and discomfort) on the performance of educational activities. The Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire was given to 544 participants (71% males and 29% females). An Association Rule Mining approach was applied to illustrate the correlation, and multiple machine-learning models – used to predict the impact of pain and discomfort on different body regions – were applied to determine risk levels that might interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Most musculoskeletal disorders were reported in the neck region and lower back (64.33% and 55.33% respectively), followed by upper back (44.30%) and the right shoulder (38%). Analysis of association rules showed high positive correlation between the lower back and the neck (support = 43%, confidence = 77%). Additionally, it was found that the radial basis function network has the highest accuracy in prediction (84%). The results of the radial basis function model showed that interference in educational activities can be predicted by using pain indicators in body parts resulting from touch-screen device usage. Keywords association rule mining approach; machine learning; educational activities; mobile touch screen; musculoskeletal disorders