Background:Tracking progress in diabetes care may help in evaluating the quality of efforts and identifying gaps in the care.Objectives:To demonstrate that tracking important clinical indicators of diabetes mellitus can result in improved care as well as help identify and close gaps between evidence and practice in diabetes care.Subjects and Methods:The study is an observational, random audit of medical records of patients with diabetes who received care at the Diabetes Center, Dammam Medical Complex. Thirteen process and four outcome key performance indicators were studied using the quality improvement Plan–Do–Study–Act model, for the period between October 2012 and March 2016. Individual physician performance was also measured for the same duration. All data were benchmarked against peer organizations worldwide.Results:Urine examination for proteinuria, foot examination, annual influenza vaccination, aspirin prescription, structured education, personalized nutritional advice and self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improved between baseline and the final observation of the study (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with hemoglobin A1c >9% decreased, and that of those who achieved the recommended levels of hemoglobin A1c (<7%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<2.6 mmol/L) and blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) significantly increased (P < 0.001). Benchmarking against peer organizations worldwide showed comparable results overall, and better results for certain indicators.Conclusion:Quality improvement strategies and key performance indicators can be utilized to improve the quality of diabetes care delivered, and thus reduce gaps and barriers that exist between recommended diabetes care and practice.

Background: In the past, and until the end of the twentieth century, TB was one of the major causes of death. Nowadays, the world is still challenging with TB control, even though the percentage of TB has been decreased. In Saudi Arabia, annual TB incidence rate is 12/100,000 population. Even though incidence rate of TB has been decreased in Saudi Arabia, still TB not fully control. Getting the world free from TB will not happen if general populations don't aware about TB. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice towards TB among general populations in Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a cross-sectional study done by selection of general populations in Riyadh region by random sample. The study was done by a self-administrated questionnaire that contains demographic data part and other parts that evaluate the awareness of TB. Comparison of results between many variables by Chi-Square Test and P-value < 0.05 was considered as a significant level. Result: Around 519 participants in this study (Response rate 94.36%) by mean age 33. Only 3.3% have a history of TB and 21.1% have relative with a history of TB. Only 19.4% of participants have good knowledge, only 18.0% have favorable attitude and most of the participants have a good practice (67.6%). People with high degree educational level have better knowledge than others. Non-Saudi people are better than Saudis in practice and people who have relative with a history of TB are better in attitude than others. In practice, Female are better than male, married people also better than single, people with a history of TB or relative with a history of TB are better than others. Conclusion: Papulations in Riyadh and its surroundings have a very low level of knowledge toward TB. Most people have unfavorable attitude level. Even though there is a high level of good practice but still it needs to be increased. Education has an important role to increase the level of knowledge about TB.

Background: Defect of use of antibiotics is bothering pediatricians. This defect is participating in the prevalence of one of global health problem called antibiotic Resistance. Many articles are supporting the idea that use of antibiotics is positively related to antibiotic resistance and this problem is increasing and growing up. By the way, incorrect use of antibiotics has many factors that contribute on, like patient attitude and deficiency of education from the physician who prescribed the antibiotic. Also, patient's knowledge and practice with the antibiotic like self-prescription. What is patient expecting from antibiotic and previous experience with antibiotics? Parents are responsible to give medications to children. So, we need to increase parents' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward antibiotics to reach new generation without antibiotic resistance. Regarding Saudi Arabia, antibiotic resistance already exists and the rate of resistance is increased in the last decade. Aim of the work: To assess how parents are aware of antibiotics those given to their children by evaluating knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents in Riyadh region, central Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Authors were circulating on Riyadh Region to find volunteers to fill questionnaires among parents of children in public places by selecting parents of children up to 12 years old by choosing random samples from each place. The questionnaire has two parts: the first part, as usual, is containing demographic data. While the second part: is the part that is evaluating KAP of parents towards antibiotics. Then we compared the final results by Chi-Square test and p-values less than 0.05 was considered as significant value. Results: around 1058 parents volunteered to participate in this study (response rate was 88.16%) by mean age of 38. Around 89.6% used antibiotics for their children before. There are 9.5% of parents were believe that their children need antibiotics each time they get sick. More than 35% of our participants don't complete period of antibiotic use to their child as what is mentioned on prescription. About 82.3% believe that antibiotics can harm children. There are 41.7% of parents bought antibiotics to their children from the previous prescription. Around 61.1% don't know the term antibiotic resistance. There are 28.4% of participants could change their doctors if they don't prescribe antibiotics easily, while only 642(60.7%) could change their doctors if they prescribe antibiotics excessively. About 68.1% of participants believe that doctors prescribe antibiotics excessively. Nearly 49% have good KAP, 41% of participants have intermediate KAP and remaining 10% have poor KAP. Females are better than male in KAP, people with high degree education are better than other and parents who used antibiotics before are better than those who didn't (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in Riyadh region is ranging between good to moderat...