The ACL joins the thighbone's (femur) bottom to the shinbone's top (tibia). The ACL aids in the stability of the knee. If the anterior cruciate ligament is stretched too far, it might rip. The tear could be partial (through a section of the ACL) or full (through the entire ACL) (all the way through the ACL).Objective: To determine the grading and evaluation of ACL Injuries on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Material and Methods: A Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 9 Months from January 2021 to September 2021. The data of 103 Patients was collected through convenient sampling in Radiology Department including Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in all the population diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Physical complaints, Patient History and Demographic data were displayed on patient’s reports and used for data analysis. MRI scans was performed on 1.5 T- Scanner (Phillips) and data was collected, recorded and analyzed on SPSS as frequency tables and Pie Charts. Results:A total of 103 Patients were included following Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 Injuries. The data was collected and distributed into Three Age groups commonly 26-35 have 49 (47.6%) and the occurrence of ACL Injuries in specific gender as 74 females and 29 males. Grade 1 contains 49 (47.6%). The Grade 2 Injuries on ACL evaluated the frequency 35 (34%) Partial Tear which is due to a stretch but did not tear and making ligament loosen it. Grade 3 has the most Severe ACL Injuries with Complete Ligament Tear diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and shows the frequency of 19 (18.4). Female Patients associated with Athletics and Sports activities were more common. Conclusion:In conclusion the ACL Injuries are common in Female because of Sports and Athletic Injuriesbecause of the smaller intercondylar notch. Women are three times more likely than males to sustain ACL injuries. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing ACL injuries, and it has demonstrated to be quite accurate

The prevalent, preventable, and treatable chronic lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may be accurately detected on HRCT, affects both men and women worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic features of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) using high resolution computed tomography. Methods: This study included 120 patients with COPD at least having a comprehensive clinical record of 6MWT defined as COPD by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 70% with sustained expiratory flow limitation. The sample size was computed at 120 patients using convenient approach and non-contrast HRCT was performed using 64 slides scanning from the apex of the lung to the diaphragm. Emphysema scoring and -950 HU criteria were used to automatically partition the lungs without including the central airways. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: HRCT scan findings show that patients with parenchymal bands were 9(7.5%) with bronchial wall thickening, nodules were (24)20%, bronchiectasis were (23)19%, apical fibrosis were (19)15%, and tree on bud pattern were (12)10%. Conclusions: It is concluded that COPD is common in males and worsens in cigarette or tobacco smokers, with a prevalence of parenchymal bands, bronchial wall thickening, nodules, bronchiectasis, apical fibrosis, and tree-on-bud patterns.

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Unintentional falls from heights are one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent brain and bone damage in children. Objective: To evaluate the causes, symptoms, and findings of paediatric head trauma using Computed Tomography. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Aziz Bhatti Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. The data was collected from October 2022 to December 2022 for the duration of 4 months. A sample size of 120 patients has been calculated via a convenient sampling technique using a mean approach from previous related articles. Patients with falls from height in paediatric age 0-12 were included in the study while children elder than 12 were excluded from the study. The equipment used for the study was CT scan machine-64 helical. The data were entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20.0.  Results: Out of 120 patients, most of the patients were in the age group of >1-5years 72(60.0%), 78(65.0%) patients were male while females were 42(35.0%). The most common finding on CT with a history of falls from height is noted to be skull fracture 51(42.5%). 84(70.0%) patients fall from the height of >6 and <15feet and the most common clinical finding in patients was pain 52(43.3%), followed by bleeding 41(34.2%). Conclusion: In conclusion, most of children between the age of 1-5years experience fall from a height of >6 feet to <15feet. Skull fracture is the most common diagnosis. CT is an accurate and reliable tool for diagnosing injuries in patients who fall from heights.