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Teachers play a great role in how students understand and learn the concepts taught in class. Studies show that teachers reflect their already-existing conceptual constructs and their problem-solving processes on students. This is also true of the misconceptions reflected in chemistry classes, especially when abstract concepts are being taught. The purpose of this study is to see the degree of understanding of chemistry teachers concerning the chemical reaction rate concept. A case study research method was used in the study whose sample consisted of 70 chemistry teachers from forty different cities in Turkey. The data were collected through a chemical reaction rate comprehension test comprising five open-ended questions. The results have indicated that teachers have some misconceptions concerning chemical reaction rate.

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Six novel 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(p-nitrobenzoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2a-f) were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (1a-f) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and UV spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds 2 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and N,Ndimethylformamide, and the half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pK a values were determined for all cases. Thus, the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity were investigated. In addition, isotropic 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic shielding constants of compounds 2 were obtained by the gauge-including-atomic-orbital (GIAO) method at the B3LYP density functional level. The geometry of each compound has been optimized using the 6-311G basis set. Theoretical values were compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, these new compounds and five recently reported 3-alkyl-4-(2-furoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3a-c,e,f) were screened for their antioxidant activities.

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