Abstract. In the sub-Saharan Sahel, energy and water cycling at the land surface is pivotal for the regional climate, water resources and land productivity, yet it is still very poorly documented. As a step towards a comprehensive climatological description of surface fluxes in this area, this study provides estimates of long-term average annual budgets and seasonal cycles for two main land use types of the cultivated Sahelian belt: rainfed millet crop and fallow bush. These estimates build on the combination of a 7-year field data set from two typical plots in southwestern Niger with detailed physically based soil-plant-atmosphere modeling, yielding a continuous, comprehensive set of water and energy flux and storage variables over this multiyear period. In the present case in particular, blending field data with mechanistic modeling makes the best use of available data and knowledge for the construction of the multivariate time series. Rather than using the model only to gap-fill observations into a composite series, model-data integration is generalized homogeneously over time by generating the whole series with the entire data-constrained model simulation. Climatological averages of all water and energy variables, with associated sampling uncertainty, are derived at annual to subseasonal scales from the time series produced. Similarities and differences in the two ecosystem behaviors are highlighted. Mean annual evapotranspiration is found to represent ∼ 82-85 % of rainfall for both systems, but with different soil evaporation/plant transpiration partitioning and different seasonal distribution. The remainder consists entirely of runoff for the fallow, whereas drainage and runoff stand in a 40-60 % proportion for the millet field. These results should provide a robust reference for the surface energy-and water-related studies needed in this region. Their significance and the benefits they gain from the innovative data-model integration approach are thoroughly discussed. The model developed in this context has the potential for reliable simulations outside the reported conditions, including changing climate and land cover.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
La régénération naturelle assistée est une technique de préservation des ligneux dans les parcs agroforestiers pratiquée par les populations du terroir villageois de Dan Saga depuis plus de 20 ans. Cependant, son impact sur les caractéristiques structurales et écologiques reste à déterminer. Cette étude vise à caractériser les parcs agroforestiers du terroir villageois de Dan Saga et à déterminer la structure démographique des peuplements ligneux et des espèces ligneuses les plus dominantes et utilisées par les populations. Pour ce faire, un inventaire forestier a été réalisé dans 80 placettes de 2500 m² (50 m x 50 m) chacune. La régénération a été évaluée dans des placeaux de 25 m². Les structures démographiques construites ont été ajustées au modèle de Weibull à 3 paramètres. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d'identifier trois parcs agroforestiers à savoir: le parc à Tamarindus indica et Grewia tenax, le parc à Annona senegalensis et Faidherbia ablida, et le parc à Albizia chevalerie et Cassia singuena. La structure en diamètre des peuplements ligneux et des espèces dominantes se caractérise par une densité importante d'individus dans les classes de petits diamètres. Ces données sont utiles pour une gestion durable des parcs agroforestiers.
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