A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a number of small sensors which are powered by low-cost irreplaceable batteries. Therefore, one of the main issues in WSN design is to prolong the battery life of the individual sensors. Clustering and utilization of mobile sinks in collaboration with base station (BS) are two common solutions to address energy consumption challenge. Based on these solutions, a new algorithm in name "Energy-aware Routing algorithm using Clustering and Mobile Sinks (ERCMS)" is proposed in this article. The distinguishing features of ERCMS are as follows: (1) a geometric pattern is applied to divide entire network area into some parts and make cluster in each part. This pattern adjusts the cluster size based on the distance from the sink. Thus, hotspot problem is expected to be reduced, (2) computational load is distributed over sensors, (3) length of messages are controlled and each message is defined in the format with minimum required information, (4) simple mathematics approaches those impose lightweight computations are adopted, and (5) accuracy of mobile sink dispatching procedure is improved in critical conditions of the network. The simulation results show that ERCMS outperforms DFCR, MDFCR, and TEO-MCRP in terms of consumed energy, delivery ratio, delay, routing overhead, and throughput.
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