Background: The general population’s compliance with preventive measures and legislation is mainly influenced by their knowledge level, attitude, and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study; it used a validated cross-sectional online survey that received responses from 13 Saudi administrative regions. Results: There were 1513 participants who completed the study (55% females; 77.7%, university education). Knowledge level, attitude, and practices towards corona virus disease-2019 were 81.3%, 86.6%, and 81.9%, respectively. The knowledge subscales showed that 1496 (98.9%) participants knew the system targeted by the virus, 96.2% and 97.3% knew the causative agent and symptoms, 783 (52.2%) participants knew the transmission modes, and 696 (46.0%) participants knew about the complications. The attitude subscales included 1465 (96.5%) participants who had dealt with an infected person, 1451 (95.9%) participants who isolated in a health facility, 1195 (97.0%) participants who knew about hand washing, and 1387 (91.7%) participants who thought the virus spread through home delivery. The practice subscales included 1505 (99.5%) participants who properly disposed of gloves and tissues and 1347 (89.0%) participants who reported safe practices when coughing or sneezing.Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. The educational level is a dominant influencing factor for knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Immunization has often been cited as one of the greatest medical success stories in human history. A cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from the period started from March 2016 to December 2016 .the study aimed to assess the missed opportunity of vaccine amongst under 24 months in Shendi locality, Total of 220 children under 2 years were been selected using convenience universal coverage for all children attending to the hospital seeking medical care, structured Questionnaire filed by their care givers. Our results revealed that, the prevalence of missed opportunity among the study population were 35% as aver all children examined, 20 % for BCG, 23% (Penta, Rota and polio vaccines), 40% for Measles 1st dose and 60% for Measles 2nd dose. These results show high percentage of dropout due to the missed opportunity from the main hospital in the Shendi locality. The main recommendations of our study are, institute primary health care unit to provide immunisation services in the teaching hospital and this is will minimize the gab of vaccine missed opportunity ,implement intensive health education programme to the local community especially rural community.

Smallpox is an ancient disease and was present in Africa, Asia and Europe since 400 BC. It is unclear whether smallpox was indigenous to Africa or was introduced early on. Sudan had a great experience in eradication phase of smallpox diseases. This study aimed to highlighted the epidemiology of smallpox in term of number of cases and geographical distribution, Identify the local and global effort generated and determine the lessons learned of the that experience in surveillance field in Sudan. To obtain our information we review articles online and reports from WHO store focusing on flowing key words (smallpox, eradication, Sudan). The health authorities has been intensified smallpox control and vaccination programs during 1950 – 1962 .whereby the incidence of cases reduced to 117 cases with three were imported cases in1960, these in contrast 517 in 1959 and 3,030 in 1953 -1954.in 1969 For the campaign, 30 vaccination units were constituted, approximately 10 for each of 3 provinces (Blue Nile, Darfur and Kordofan), each unit comprising 6 smallpox and 3 BCG vaccinators plus supervisors. The units moved systematically through the province. The smallpox vaccinators went from house to house. the epidemiological data strongly support the belief that transmission in the Sudan was interrupted in 1962 and endemic smallpox did not recur until after the importations of 1967-1968.In September 1972, during a seminar in Addis Ababa, it was proposed that Sudanese and Ethiopian teams should be granted permission to cross the border without hindrance when undertaking search operations. Great job has been done to eradicate smallpox globally and especially in Sudan, and no doubt the lessons learned from the experience of smallpox eradication constitute strong concrete and base for managing health services in Sudan especially in epidemiology field by providing platform for surveillance of epidemic diseases.

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