Summary This paper proposes a new control strategy to consider the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind generation contribution in frequency control and regulation of multi‐area interconnected power system when the wind power is the main generation of one area. Based on frequency requirements and system conditions, the proposed control approach determines whether to switch the wind generation into the maximum power tracking mode or the frequency regulation mode. In the frequency regulation mode, the output power of the wind power plant is controlled through a PID controller. At this mode of operation, the input signal of the PID controller is the system frequency. Finally, the PID performance is optimized by tuning its parameters through fuzzy and Zigler–Nicholes methods. The proposed control strategy is applied to a multi‐area control system including thermal and wind power generations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme works desirably and thereby wind generation can effectively participate in load frequency control (LFC). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Summary Microgrid is a recently developed concept for future power systems. The main characteristics of the microgrid are the capability of integration of renewable energy sources and the ability to operate in two grid‐connected and islanded modes. A significant challenge of microgrid implementation is developing comprehensive control methods to ensure efficient, stable, and reliable operation. Real‐time studies are a promising approach in this case. In this paper, various real‐time energy management approaches have been thoroughly explained following a new categorization of them. A significant literature review of real‐time simulation and modeling methods has also been presented. A review of different applications of hardware‐in‐the‐loop testing of the microgrid is included in the present study. Finally, a discussion on demand for further research has been made. The presented work is organized to allow a reader to understand the importance of real‐time studies of microgrids and highlight trends in literary works without delving deeply into each one.

An iron pole shape optimization method to reduce cogging torque in Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motors is developed by using the reduced basis technique coupled by finite element and design of experiments methods. Objective function is defined as the minimum cogging torque. The experimental design of Taguchi method is used to build the approximation model and to perform optimization. This method is demonstrated on the rotor pole shape optimization of a 4-poles/24-slots IPM motor

No abstract

No abstract