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Summary A promising new treatment for glioma involves Auger electron emitters such as 1251 or 1231 conjugated to deoxyuridine (lUdR). However, the presence in tumour deposits of non-proliferating cells with clonogenic potential poses a major limitation to this cycle-specific therapy. We have used multicellular tumour spheroids derived from the human glioma cell line UVW to study [1251]1UdR-targeted radiotherapy in aggregates containing cells in different proliferative states. Autoradiographic identification of labelled cells indicated that nuclear incorporation of [1251]1UdR decreased markedly with increasing size of spheroid. IUdR incorporation was maximal in the surface layer of cells and decreased with depth within spheroids. Radiopharmaceutical uptake corresponded closely to the regions of cell cycling as indicated by staining for the nuclear antigen Ki67. The uptake of drug was enhanced by increasing the duration of incubation from 52 h to 104 h. These observations suggest that significant sparing of non-cycling malignant cells would result from treatment delivered as a single injection of radiolabelled lUdR. To achieve maximal therapeutic effect, lUdR should be administered by multiple injections, by slow release from biodegradable implants or by slow-pump delivery.

Here, the effects of combinatorial cancer therapy including radiotherapy (RT) and radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia in the presence of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Au@IONPs), as a thermo-radio-sensitizer, are reported. The level of cell death and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 genes, involved in the pathway of apoptosis, were measured to evaluate the synergistic effect of Au@IONPs-mediated RF hyperthermia and RT. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations of Au@IONPs. After incubation with NPs, the cells were exposed to RF waves (13.56 MHz; 100 W; 15 min). At the same time, thermometry was performed with an infrared (IR) camera. Then, the cells were exposed to 6 MV X-ray at various doses of 2 and 4 Gy. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to evaluate cell viability and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl2. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles was confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained from MTT assay and qRT-PCR studies showed that NPs and RF hyperthermia had no significant effect when applied separately, while their combination had synergistic effects on cell viability percentage and the level of apoptosis induction. A synergistic effect was also observed when the cancer cells were treated with a combination of NPs, RF hyperthermia, and RT. On the basis of the obtained results, it may be concluded that the use of magnetoplasmonic NPs in the process of hyperthermia and RT of cancer holds a great promise to develop a new combinatorial cancer therapy strategy. K E Y W O R D S cancer, combination therapy, magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles, radiofrequency hyperthermia, radiotherapy

Neshasteh-riz (2019) Investigating the effect of near infrared photo thermal therapy folic acid conjugated gold nano shell on melanoma cancer cell line A375, Artificial Cells,