Objective: To investigate the monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (ELR), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC), and RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) that are accepted as inflammatory markers in patients with keratoconus. Methods: In this study, 43 patients with keratoconus and 43 healthy individuals as the control group were retrospectively evaluated. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, platelet, MPV, PDW, and RDW values were obtained with complete blood count performed on the peripheral blood samples. Results: Absolute monocyte (593 ± 182 vs 492 ± 177; p < 0.05) and neutrophil (4860 ± 1553 vs 3954 ± 1297; p < 0.01) counts were statistically significantly higher in the keratoconus groups compared to the control group. MHR (13.18 ± 5.02 vs 9.88 ± 4.45; p < 0.01) and NLR (2.30 ± 0.87 vs 1.77 ± 0.61; p < 0.01) were statistically significantly higher and LMR (4.07 ± 1.67 vs 5.18 ± 2.06; p < 0.01) was significantly lower in the keratoconus group. As a result of univariate logistic regression analysis, it was observed that MHR and NLR were statistically significant relationship with keratoconus ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.021) (Odds ratio = 5.41 (95% CI: 1.169–6.669) and Odds ratio:5.28 (95% CI: 1.024–6.321); respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of PLR, ELR, RDW, MPV, PDW, MPV/PC, and RPR. Adjusting for age and gender, multivariate regression analysis revealed that MHR was the most significant parameter to demonstrate relationship with keratoconus ( p = 0.025) (Odds ratio = 4.99 (95% CI: 1.019–6.332)). Conclusion: MHR and NLR values considered as inflammatory markers were statistically significantly higher and LMR value was significantly lower in the keratoconus group. Among these values, MHR was the most reliable parameter.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with pterygium using the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and hematologic indexes of inflammation. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with primary pterygium and 31 age-and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in this retrospective study. The MHR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio, mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio, platelet distribution width, and red cell distribution width were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of the MHR between the pterygium group and the control group ( P = 0.693). The NLR was higher in the pterygium group than in the control group ( P = 0.028). In the other hematologic indexes, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The MHR is not associated with the presence of pterygium. An increased NLR in patients with pterygium may be an indicator of systemic inflammation.

Objective: To evaluate ocular surface alterations in both eyes of patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN) compared with controls.Background: Corneal nerves mainly originate from the trigeminal nerve, and neurosensory abnormalities are important factors in ocular surface alterations and dry eye etiopathogenesis.Methods: Twenty-four patients with idiopathic unilateral TN and 24 healthy controls with similar sex and age distributions were included in this cross-sectional study conducted from February 15 to September 15, 2021. The eyes on the affected sides of the patients with TN were treated as Group 1, their contralateral eyes as Group 2, and the right eyes of the controls as Group 3. All participants were evaluated for tear film and ocular surface using the Schirmer 1 test, tear breakup time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, and conjunctival impression cytology grading. Results:The mean (SD) ages of the patients with TN (17 of 24 females, 70.8%) and controls (15 of 24 females, 62.5%) were 49.7 (11.7) and 48.5 (9. 6) years, respectively.The median [25th, 75th percentile] Schirmer 1 test results in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 5.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Placental Growth Factor (PLGF), Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) and Neuropilin-2 (NP-2) molecules in the primary pterygium tissue compared with the normal conjunctival tissue. Methods The records of 42 patients who underwent excision surgery with autograft for primary pterygium (pterygium group) and 20 patients who underwent conjunctival nevus excision surgery (control group) in the same period were reviewed retrospectively. The samples obtained from the pterygium tissues in the pterygium group, and the clean conjunctival tissues adjacent to the nevus in the control group were collected from the archive. Immunohistochemical stains of the primary antibodies: 1/100 diluted PLGF, NP-1, and NP-2 (Abcam Cambridge Science Park, UK) were applied to all groups. Staining intensities and percentage of positive cells in epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and inflammatory cells were analyzed by an experienced pathologist. Results The positivity rates of PLGF and NP-2 expression in epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and inflammatory cells were found to be higher in the pterygium group compared with the control group (PLGF: p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively; NP-2: p < 0.001, for all). Staining intensities for PLGF and NP-2 were higher in the pterygium group than in the control group (PLGF: p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively; NP-2: p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was found in all cell types in terms of NP-1 expression positivity rate (p = 0.730, p = 0.121, p = 0.524 and p = 0.624, respectively) and staining intensity (p = 0.716, p = 0.147, p = 0.147 and p = 0.780, respectively). Conclusion High levels of PLGF and NP-2 detected in pterygium tissue suggest that they may be future therapeutic targets in preventing pterygium progression and postoperative recurrence.