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Purpose of Review Moderate hypertriglyceridemia is exceedingly common in diabetes, and there is growing evidence that it contributes to residual cardiovascular risk in statin-optimized patients. Major fibrate trials yielded inconclusive results regarding the cardiovascular benefit of lowering triglycerides, although there was a signal for improvement among patients with high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)—the “diabetic dyslipidemia” phenotype. Until recently, no trials have examined a priori the impact of triglyceride lowering in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia, who are likely among the highest cardiovascular-risk patients. Recent Findings In the recent REDUCE IT trial, omega-3 fatty acid icosapent ethyl demonstrated efficacy in lowering cardio-vascular events in patients with high triglycerides, low HDL, and statin-optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The ongoing PROMINENT trial is examining the impact of pemafibrate in a similar patient population. Summary Emerging evidence suggests that lowering triglycerides may reduce residual cardiovascular risk, especially in high-risk patients with diabetic dyslipidemia.

Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease with the involvement of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Genetic variation in genes encoding cytokines and their receptors determine the intensity of the inflammatory response, which may contribute to individual differences in the outcome and severity of the disease. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in the genesis and progression of tumors through regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to investigate whether TGF-β1 -509 C/T polymorphism can modify the risk of gastric cancer. Seventy endoscopically and histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer patients and 100 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the case-control study. TGF-β1 -509 C/T gene polymorphism was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was applied to test for the significance of the results. The distribution of TGF-β1 genotypes at -509 C/T were CC 37.14%, CT 50%, and TT 12.86% in gastric cancer patients and CC 52%, CT 42%, and TT 6% in control subjects. The allelic frequencies of C and T were 0.621 and 0.379 in gastric cancer patients and 0.73 and 0.27 in control subjects, respectively. Our study imply that T allele of TGF-β1 -509 C/T genotypes may be a risk factor of genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer in south Indian population.

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