Background: Craniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of cranial sutures. Premature closure can impair brain development and cognitive problems. Only available treatment of craniosynostosis is through surgical intervention which is associated with excessive blood loss. Objectives: In this study, we investigate the prevalence of each ABO/Rh blood group amongst patients with different types of craniosynostosis. Methods: We included 163 patients, under craniosynostosis treatment, in Imam Hossein children’s hospital at Isfahan, Iran. A retrospective analysis was performed and the frequency of blood groups as well as types of craniosynostosis were reported. Moreover, the connection between ABO/Rh blood groups and the types of craniosynostosis was examined by chi-square test. Results: Of 163 cases reviewed; The majority of participants had blood group A positive (32.5%), followed by O positive (31.3%). The rest of the blood groups were reported in order: B positive (22.1%), B negative (4.9%), AB positive (4.3%), O negative (2.5%), A negative (1.8%), AB negative (0.6%). Also, the most common type of craniosynostosis was metopic (27%) and the other types were pansynostosis (23.9%), sagittal (21.5%), coronal (16.6%), multisuture (10.4%) and lambdoid (0.6%) respectively. Due to connection between ABO/Rh blood groups and the types of craniosynostosis, no significant relationship was observed. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it was found that the frequency of ABO blood groups in children with craniosynostosis can be different from the population of the same area. Also, the ratio of different types of craniosynostosis was different from previous data.

Background: Craniosynostosis is a congenital deformity of the skull that occurs at birth. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of different types of craniosynostosis in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of all patients referred to the pediatric neurosurgery clinic of Imam Hossein children’s hospital in Isfahan, Iran from 2013 to 2018 were diagnosed with craniosynostosis. Incomplete files were excluded. Demographic information of patients and type of delivery, underlying diseases of their parents, diseases of maternal pregnancy, type of craniosynostosis, syndromic or non-syndromic craniosynostosis were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The diagnosis of craniosynostosis in 63% of cases (n=121) was a single suture and in 37% of cases (n=72) was a complex suture. There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of craniosynostosis in males and females (P>0.05). Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of 16 cases per 100,000, we can reduce the complications of this disease by educating doctors and parents.

Patient: Male, 16-day-old Final Diagnosis: High-grade immature CNS teratoma Symptoms: Brain mass • vision changes Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Surgical removal Specialty: Neurosurgery Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: The central nervous system (CNS) is a rare point of origin for mature or immature teratomas. However, immature teratomas are extremely rare. CNS teratomas have been known for poor patient prognosis and recovery and also reduce survival. However, chemoradiotherapy has been reported to increase patient survival. Case Report: This study presents a rare giant immature teratoma invading a newborn infant’s brain tissue and CNS. The tumor was surgically removed, and in a further 1-year follow-up, it did not need chemotherapy or radiotherapy according to alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) level and other serum markers. The teratoma had affected multiple loci of his brain’s left hemisphere, including parietal, frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. A teratoma was diagnosed lateral to the midline, which is not common in CNS teratomas, as they mainly occur in or near the mid-line. The tumor was excised completely. The patient was followed up for 1 year, and no further recurrence was observed. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of immature teratomas are essential in patient prognosis. Chemotherapy is not always needed, but complete surgical removal and patient follow-up are always a necessity. In addition, adequate follow-up of these patients is critical to evaluate their further treatment plan and recurrence risk.

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A 6‐year‐old girl with persistent headaches and the visual problem was diagnosed as a delayed onset cranial pansynostosis with concurrent type 1.5 Arnold‐Chiari malformation. She underwent multi‐sutural reconstructive surgery and followed. The headache was greatly decreased and tonsillar‐brain stem herniation and syrinx were resolved.