In this paper, we analysis the last technology of photovoltaic (PV) system and the main effective factors of operation in unique efficiency and optimize performance. the first of all we take the general view of physical aspects of sun light and motion of earth with respect of sun position, and analysis of light spectrum and its effect for each regen from spectrum on PV. We illustrated the results of variation of irradiance from deferent sites and show size system for same energy demand. We start by analysis of load-by-load profile working and go through to specify the economic azimuth degree and altitude degree depend on load profile and final put some technical suggestions to minimize the effect of shading and benefit from using a new technology by face shield (half cut cell). These calculations are proposed to make available well originated and equivalent important information so as to allow PV strategies to change quicker obsessed by arenas of application with different shading of local cityin AL-Mausaib Babylon, Iraq. The<em> </em>ratios of shading conditions (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and without shading were used as effectiveness restrictions. The outcomes confirmation that the performance of PV system is extensively reduced and the system can’t control the batteries, if the shading close 75% or additional for single panel.

In this research project, a tip-tilting angle of a photovoltaic solar cell was developed to increase generated electrical power output. An active, accurate, and simple dual-axis tracking system was designed by using an Arduino Uno microprocessor. The system consisted of two sections: software and apparatus (hardware). It was modified by using a group of light-dependent resistor sensors, and two DC servo motors were utilized to rotate the solar panel to a location with maximum sunlight. These components were arranged in a mechanical configuration with the gearbox. The three locations of the solar cell were chosen according to the tilt angle values, at zero angles, which included an optimal 33-degree angle for the Baghdad location and a variable angle with the dual-axis tracking system. For maximum value of the extracted solar energy, a photovoltaic solar panel that collects sunlight should be in normal position onto this radiation. Solar trackers relocated the panel toward the path of the Sun to ensure that the collector rotated at an optimal tilt angle. The results showed that the generated power at the dual-axis position was 3.384 watts per hour (W/h), the 33-degree angle yielded 2.237 W/h, and the zero-degree angle yielded 1.09 W/h. The results confirmed that the performance of a dual-axis solar tracking system is active and efficient.

The national electrical energy situation report study today in Iraq represents that the value of the conventional electrical energy power is increasing day after day with increasing more demand on the electricity source in all sectors of life in Iraq. To avoid energy supply shortage, today should be using renewable energy sources with rise required management. A hybrid electrical energy system usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together with conventional electrical energy sources to extend increased system efficiency, but the design of hybrid power involves uneconomic and excessive capacities results in excess electric generation with increasing the initial costs. In this study, we find the optimization the best time required of sharing alternative between both of solar-diesel generator hybrid power system for 24 hours. The PV peak power was 1.3kW and diesel power 2.4kW with using both of theoretical calculation. The HOMER software was used to improve a simulation model for one day in Baghdad city in Iraq. The HOMER software is used to implement the optimization. The master objective is to optimize hybrid system component sizes, minimizing excess electricity generation, and set electric load and implement cost analysis based on life cycle price. Inputs data used for simulation consist of real solar radiation data (Averaged to monthly values), taken from the local weather station installed at Baghdad city. Based on maximum load, hybrid system parameters sizes considered and many simulation results are acquired.

Iraq suffers from electricity shortages, through the local market and government institutions, has preliminary and applied information in the field of renewable energies, represented by solar energy, wind energy and bio-energy, at a simple level and small capacities, and in the near future it will rise to the levels of high energy stations. Note that the National Energy Strategy has set the percentage of renewable energy participation from total electric energy to reach 5%, about 2 Gigawatt by the year 2030. The plan includes several interval times, including the introduction of renewable energy in the agricultural sector to withdraw and pump water in drip irrigation systems, and the use of solar water heaters and heating systems and lighting systems operating with photovoltaic solar energy, as well as manufacturing all solar energy supplies and systems such as batteries, inverters, electric charger, solar heaters and solar panels, the effect of education and rationalization of consumption, increasing the efficiency of the use of electric energy, recycling waste to get rid of environmental pollution and producing biogas by Medium and large entrepreneurial systems in Iraqi cities. As well as the introduction of green building techniques in building homes, buildings and residential complexes to reduce electrical energy consumption with the introduction of solar-powered air conditioning systems. Reducing risks in renewable energy projects depends on several factors, including technology risks, monetary currency, natural resources, electrical grid risks, political risks, and the most dangerous are the risks resulting from terrorism and thefts at present in Iraq and requires an advanced and secure security system. Based on public datasets and reasonable assumptions, the provisional results obtained suggest the following; solar PV zones are located in the western region of Al-Anbar along the Jordanian Border. Despite the large capacities of these clusters, they are located at more than 300 km from Baghdad; wind zones are spread across the north-western area of Al-Anbar and south-eastern region, from Baghdad to Al-Basrah governorates.