In this study gene expression for DGAT1 gene was analyzed. Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final step of the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis of the Kennedy pathway. Two major gene families have been shown to encode DGATs, DGAT1 (type-1) and DGAT2 (type-2). Gene expression were analyzed for 10 Olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) (Khaderi, Qaysi, Manzenillo, Baashiqi, Arabqween, Nabali, Labeeb, Dahkan, Shami and Sorani). Different plant organs as plant materials (mature leaves, mesocarp and seeds for drups) used for analysis. Two methods for analysis gene expression were used, first method was called semi -quantitative and second method was called relative -quantitative, used in relative method (Real time PCR and Actine gene as Housekeeping gene). On the other hand chemical analysis was used on fruits like moisture % and oil % of dry and fresh weigh. The results revealed the following: DGAT1 gene expression in leaves, mesocarp and seeds by two methods (semi-quantitative and relative quantity) were the convergent results and clear, also if this results compared with chemical analysis shows that the best cultivars were Arabqween, Khaderi, Qaysi and Labeeb. The cultivars Shami and Khaderi then were contain in fruits desirable qualities of olive oil, low moisture and high oil percentages ratios. While Nabali, Manzanello, and Sorani cultivars middle desirable quantity, and Baashiqi and Dahkan cultivars had undesirable because of low oil quantity and high moisture in contain fruits. Some cultivars have low intensity in semi-quantitative and little fold in relative quantity but it have high oil in contain fruits that may be indicate that these cultivars were complete gene expression and begin to accumulation and save oil in tissue. Therefore particular emphasis was given to the temporal regulation of olive DGATs during drupe development. In olive fruit, TAGs are formed and stored in both the mesocarp and the seed .Two drupe compartments that have different physiological functions and roles and also display difference in the mode of TAG accumulation. DGATI share an overlapping expression pattern after 28 WAF, suggesting that they probably function at those stages. However, following maximal mRNA levels at 22 WAF, DGAT1 transcription declined substantially.

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اجريت الدراسة في مشتل خاص  في محافظة النجف خلال الموسم الربيعي 2014. تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة تأثير استعمال المعاملات المختلفة من التخديش الميكانيكي وحامض الجبرلين والتبريد في انبات بذور البرتقال المحلي. اظهرت  النتائج ان التداخل بين المعاملات المختلفة كانت فعالة في تحسين انبات بذور البرتقال حيث اعطت معاملة الجبرلين 500 + تخديش +تبريد 48 ساعة تفوقاً معنوياً في نسبة انبات  البذور وسرعتها لخمسة فترات متتالية هي 40 ,50 , 60, 70 و 80 يوم من الزراعة بالمقارنة مع  معاملة المقارنة التي اعطت اقل المتوسطات في تلك الصفات. فيما كانت التداخلات بين المعاملات الثلاثية متفوقة معنوياً على المعاملات الفردية والثنائية في دليل معدل الانبات ومعامل سرعة الانبات ومتوسط زمن الانبات وتفوقت اغلب التداخلات الثلاثية على المعاملات الثنائية والفردية في معدل طول البادرات, سرعة استطالة البادرات, قطر البادرات, والوزن الطري والجاف للبادرات والنسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للبادرات  فيما تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500+تحديش +تبريد 48 ساعة على جمع معاملات التجربة في معدل طول الجذير اذ بلغ 24.51ملم . كما و تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500 + تخديش على جمع معاملات  التجربة في معدل قطر الجذير الذي بلغ 3.610ملم فيما كانت معاملة الجبرلين 250 +تخديش متفوقة في معدل الوزن الطري للجذير  اذ بلغ 0.4638ملغم بينما تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500+تبريد 36 ساعة في معدل الوزن الجاف و النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للجذيراذ بلغتا 0.3181ملغم و 80.02 % على التوالي

Employing DNA markers allowed determining genetic diversity and relationships amongst five apricot genotypes. In this study, two relative gene expressions pertaining to ParARF3 gene, which could be distinguished from the genotypes that were exposed to various concentrations of marine alga treatments. As per our results, screening of seven primers with the DNA of 5 apricot genotypes was done, and six primers were generated while the primer OPN–16 gave negative results. The total quantity of fragments generated by 6 primers was 80 at an average of 13.33 fragments ̸primer. The highest unique percentage band depicted in U-17 touched 23%, and the total number of polymorphic bands touched 17 fragments with the average reaching 2.83 fragments ̸primer. The number of monomorphic lied in the range of 5 to 10, with a total of 47 monomorphic. Primer M 32 yielded the highest number of monomorphic bands reaching 10. Between Zaghenia and Zinni, a maximum genetic distance value of 0.8 was reached with less similarity value of 20%. A minimum genetic distance value of 0.44721 was noted between Kaisy and Baia while the high similarity value touched 55.3%. According to the cluster tree analysis, the genotypes were generally split into two key groups: A and B. The Zinni group, which included one apricot genotype, showed genetic similarity of 20% with the other genotypes present in B group. The B group was split into two sub-clusters B1 and B2 and the genetic similarity reached 44%. The ParARF3 relative gene expression pertaining to Zinni genotypes was second as well as convergent with that of gene expression for Zaghenia genotype results. Baia and Kaisy genotypes lied in between the lowest and highest ParARF3 value gene expression exposed to Marine Alga. These outcomes showed that RAPD markers offer an effectual alternative for the plant species genetic characterisation.