This research investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the probability of bankruptcy and explains the moderating role of the structure of market competition, intellectual capital, and equity cost on this relationship. Using a sample of the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009–2016, panel data, and logit‐ranking model, we find an inverse relationship between corporate social responsibility and the probability of bankruptcy. Results from additional analyses show that corporate social responsibility has a significant inverse relationship with the probability of bankruptcy and when the market structure moves to a monopoly, the probability of bankruptcy is reduced due to high market entry costs for other companies. Overall, we document that corporate social responsibility plays an important roles in reducing the probability of bankruptcy of companies.

This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgment has been made.

ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit is awarded. Still, ChatGPT performs better than the student average for 15.8 percent of assessments when we include partial credit. We provide evidence of how ChatGPT performs on different question types, accounting topics, class levels, open/closed assessments, and test bank questions. We also discuss implications for accounting education and research.

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