This work derives the models which can be used to design and implement control laws for six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) quadrotor stability. The first part of this paper deals with the presentation of the background of quadrotor modeling; the second part describes the direct control of the drone using the backstepping control principal. This principal is based on the division of the system into several sub-systems in a cascade, which makes the control laws generated on each subsystem, in a decreasing manner, until a global control law for the whole system is generated. The simulation results for the sm controller are generated on the MATLAB/Simulink platform; the results show a good performance in both the transient and steady-state operations.

This work studies the issue of quadrotor trajectory tracking control in presence of disturbances and model uncertainties. The paper starts by extracting the kinematics and dynamics models of the quadrotor. This results in the motion equations, which eventually serve as a blueprint for creating the suggested smart flight control scheme. Secondly, an enhanced backstepping controller (BSC) is developed and tested to keep the quadrotor tracking the desired trajectory both in steady state and in presence of disturbances. Finally, BSC beside two other controllers: sliding mode controller (SMC) and proportional derivative controller (PDC) are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and the obtained results are compared and conclusions are extracted. Therefore, it is established that PDC is not robust to disturbances as noise will be amplified due to the derivative term. Whereas, although SMC is robust to parameter variations and disturbances; however, it is not continuous which may affect the actuators due to the increased gains which may saturate them. In contrast, BSC requires too many tuning parameters; however, it ensures Lyapunov Stability and does not depend on the system as it does not involve cancelling system nonlinearity. Moreover, BSC results are 1017 better than the results of the two other controllers.

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