Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common respiratory disorder related to sleep. It is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction episodes and hypoxemia attacks during sleep. Cardiovascular complications are rather frequent in OSAS. This compilation study aimed to show cardiovascular pathologies occurring during OSAS in detail and emphasize the need of treating OSAS during the treatment of these pathologies

Objective: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in the last year, it has been revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only cause viral respiratory tract infection but can also affect many organs in the short or long term. In our study, we aimed to reveal that COVID-19 infection affects the endocrine system and triggers subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in the acute period. Material and Method: In our retrospective study, the ear-nose-throat examination, internal diseases consultation (investigation of COVID-19 symptoms and polymerase chain reaction [PCR] test), routine blood tests, T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin (anti-TG), antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroid scintigraphy, and thyroid ultrasonography results of 5 patients who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic due to complaints of neck pain and odynophagia between April 2020 and February 2021 were examined. Findings: All 5 patients were female patients (30.4 years) with odynophagia and pain in the front lower region of the neck. These patients had no previous history of thyroiditis. COVID-19 PCR tests of the patients diagnosed with SAT were positive, and there were no typical COVID-19 signs and symptoms except odynophagia and neck pain. Result: It comes in view that SARS-COV-2 affects thyroid functions and causes SAT and the main symptoms in patients are pain in the neck and odynophagia.

Introduction Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a type of vertigo and its signs are short-time, severe attacks that occur in certain head and body positions. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency correlates with BPPV and this is explained by cupulolithiasis and canalithiasis theories. Method In the present study, levels of serum vitamin D in the patients who were diagnosed as BPPV and those in the control group consisting of healthy individuals were investigated. In addition, it was examined whether vitamin D is influential on the rates of BPPV types. In our study, 258 patients who were diagnosed with BPPV after detailed ear-nose-throat and neurology examinations were examined. We compared the control group according to their ages, genders, and levels of vitamin D. In addition, we divided the BPPV group into two sub-groups according to their vitamin D levels (20-30 ng/ml and 20 g/ml lower), and each was compared by calculating vertigo types and ratios. Results The BPPV group included 187 females and 71 males, and their mean age was 43.70 ± 15.44. The control group consisted of 65 females and 35 males, and the mean age of this group was 44.63 ± 15.42. The mean vitamin D levels of the females and males were 18.42 ± 5.07 and 19.82 ± 5.11, respectively, in this study. On the other hand, the mean vitamin D levels of healthy females and males were found to be 30.88 ± 10.74. Conclusion Our study found that the vitamin D levels of the individuals in the BPPV group were statistically significantly lower than those of the individuals who were in the control group. However, it was observed that vitamin D did not affect the rate of vertigo subtypes.

Background Musculus depressor septi nasi and its tendon, the dermocartilaginous ligament, play an important role in external nasal valve and nasal respiration. If the ligament is cut during septorhinoplasty operations, nasal functions of the nose and facial expressions are affected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of M. depressor septi nasi in nasal respiration at open rhinoplasty operations using rhinomanometry and electromyography. Methods The study included 29 patients who had only external nasal deformity (nasal hump deformity). All patients underwent open rhinoplasty. The dermocartilaginous ligament of the patients in the study group (DCL ? group) was repaired but not in the control group (DCLgroup). Rhinomanometry and electromyography were applied to all patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Results In the DCL-group, right and left nasal airflow values were significantly lower in post-op (562.92 cm 3 /s and 548.57 cm 3 /s), whereas right, left, and total nasal resistances were significantly lower in pre-op (0.28 Pa/ cm 3 /s, 0.22 Pa/cm 3 /s, and 0.11 Pa/cm 3 /s). Statistically significant differences were not found between rhinomanometric measurements in pre-op and post-op values of the DCL ? group. Post-op right, left and mean values of M. depressor septi nasi amplitude in the DCL ? group (2.05 mV, 2.0 mV, 2.02 mV) were significantly higher than those in the DCL-group (1.52 mV, 1.61 mV, 1.57 mV). Conclusion Repair of the dermocartilaginous ligament during open rhinoplasty operations enhances nasal respiratory functions by expanding the external nasal valve through M. depressor septi nasi and allows the nose to participate in mimic movements.

Objectives: The goal of this practice was to explore whether the changes in arrhythmias after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who continued cardiac arrhythmias despite the use of antiarrhythmic drugs and those who could not tolerate the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between arrhythmias before and after UPPP. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who have OSAS and cardiac arrhythmias, between 2008 - 2017 by the cardiology clinic and consulted by the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinic. Thirty eight patients were selected and underwent UPPP operation. The rhythm Holter follow-ups of the patients in the 1st month before UPPP (pre-UPPP) and after UPPP (post-UPPP) 6th month were performed. The recordings were transferred to the computer and evaluated with the Holter program, then visually examined and the parasitic regions were excluded. Sinus bradycardia (SB), atrioventricular block (AVB), atrial premature beat (APB), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and ventricular extrasystole (VES) parameters were recorded for arrhythmia. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the changes in SB, AVB, APB, SVT and VE arrhythmia values in pre-UPPP and post-UPPP periods. Also, in one case the values of arrhythmia in the pre-UPPP period had a positive correlation with the values of the same arrhythmia in the post-UPPP period (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, new information about the effects of UPPP which is one of OSAS treatment methods on cardiac arrhythmias is presented. According to our results, UPPP reduces the rate of SB, AVB, APB, SVT and VES arrhythmias in OSAS patients.