Alien fish species have negative effects on the abundance, diversity and richness of native fish species in southern Iraq. The numbers of alien fish species are constantly increasing due to the entry of invasive species. This has resulted in shifts in the historical composition of fish community structure and scarcity of some native species which represent the keystone in the building of fish populations.     Fish samples were monthly collected from three sites in southern Iraq (Al-Chibyaish marsh, the lower parts of Euphrates River, and the northern part of Shatt Al-Arab River) from April 2017 to June 2018. A total of 14,853 individuals of fish were sampled, which represented 26 species, 24 genera and 13 families of bony fishes. Ten alien fish species were recorded, affiliated to nine genera and five families, namely Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Heteropneustidae, Poeciliidae and Xenocyprididae. Three alien fish species dominated the abundance in the three sites; the Prussian carp Carassuis gibelio comprised 12.58%, 26.19%, and 13.84%, the Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus formed 16.78%, 13.66%, and 18.79%, , and the Redbelly tilapia Coptodon zillii comprised 7.37%, 7.71%, and 14.66% of the total number of species in three study sites respectively. (  …. )      These alien fish species created serious shifting in fish composition, diversity, richness, and abundance of native fish populations in comparison to the results of the historical survey in southern Iraq.

E-Health is an application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) across the range of functions which affect health for example, treat patients, pursue research, educate students, track diseases and monitor public health. E-Health has become a sturdy and versatile platform that can facilitate the enhancement of information and services delivery in the health industry. E-Health readiness assessment is a basis for ICT investments in healthcare organizations. In relation to healthcare, assessing health readiness is impacted by several factors. However, even though there is an abundance of evidence of the subject of healthcare in the literature, studies that have investigated the factors impacting its assessment in the developing countries is still limited. In Iraq, e-Health readiness is still in its nascent stage. Therefore, this study aims to assess the contribution of the critical factors leading to e-Health readiness assessment in healthcare institutions in Iraq. The propose study also contributes to the body of knowledge among medical and technical staff with regard to their beliefs in the use of e-Health. In addition, these significant findings have crucial implications and valuable contributions to researchers, government agencies, insurance companies, and healthcare professionals in Iraq.

The first finding of matutid crab: Matuta planipes Fabricius, 1798 from subtidal zone of Iraqi coast, south Al-Fao city, NW-Arabian Gulf, Basrah, Iraq. Specimens was caught by trawl and hand net, during period from Jan. 16 th , 2017 to May 28 th , 2017, six females and three males, from Iraqi coast, south Al-Fao city in addition, two males and three females were collected from Garmat Ali River. The present study reports the presence specimens of this species from subtidal zone of Iraqi coast and Garmat Ali River.Keywords First finding; Matuta planipes; Decapoda; Al-Fao city BackgroundThe crabs are considered as ecologically and biologically important in marine ecosystem and play an important role in coastal biodiversity. It is not evenly distributed; quite it varies greatly across the world and within regions.There are a lot of improvements that can be brought about in the biodiversity science.Crabs of the families Calappidae and Matutidae known as box and moon crabs respectively are one of the most fascinating crabs in the tropical and subtropical seas of the world ocean (Galil and Clark, 1994;Bellwood, 1996).The family Matutidae are distinguished by their ambulatory dactyli being distinctly paddle-like, both chelae being subequal in size and neither with special cutting teeth, and the carapace having distinct median lateral spines of varying lengths but with the posteorlateral part never expanded (Ng, 1998).Matuta planipes is common inhabitant of the surf zone of tropical sandy shores and have a widespread distribution which extends from the Red Sea to South Africa, Asia, and Australia (Guinot, 1966;Vannini, 1976;Galil and Clark, 1994).The aim of the present study is first record of specimens of the species Matuta planipes Fabricius 1798 from the Iraqi coast and Gharmmat Ali River. Materials and MethodsThe specimens of Matuta planipes (Fabricius, 1798) were collected from subtidal habitats near the Iraqi coast south Al-Fao city and from Garmat Ali river, Basrah, Iraq (Figure 1) by trawl and hand net. Has six adult females and three males from Iraqi coast south Al-Fao city in addition, two females and three males from Garmat Ali River, during period from Jan. 16 th , 2017 to May 28 th , 2017. Some physico-chemical parameters recorded from the study area in January 2016 are: water temperature, 11.5°C; pH, 7.83; salinity, 39.4 psu; dissolved oxygen, 8.26 mg/L. The specimens were preserved in 96% alcohol and shipped to the laboratory of Marine biology, Marine science Center, University of Basrah. The specimen was identified and described up to species level by using the identification keys of (Tirmizi and Kazmi, 1986;Galil and Clark, 1994). The specimens were deposited in the Marine Science Centre (MBD-MSC) (collection number: 50). International DescriptionCarapace rounded, with 2 long, well-developed lateral spines Carapace subcircular, smooth, slightly convex, covered with minutely granulate. Front, wider than orbit, with slightly rounded lobers laterally and an emarginated rostrum medially. Ischium of ...