Background and Aim: Low birth-weight is known to be associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk similar to that seen with major environmental risk factors, such as cigarette smoking or hypertension. Much epidemiological evidence has linked low birth-weight with hypertriglyceridaemia. Method: We measured aortic wall thickness by ultrasonography and lipid profile in 40 newborn babies with intrauterine growth restriction and 40 controls. Results: Maximum and mean aortic intima-media thickness were significantly higher in the babies with intrauterine growth retardation (0.58 ± 0.06, 0.52 ± 0.03 mm, respectively) than in controls (0.44 ± 0.05, 0.40 ± 0.03 mm, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively), more so after adjustment for birth-weight (maximum intima-media thickness: 0.23 ± 0.03 mm/kg vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 mm/kg, p < 0.0001; mean intima-media thickness: 0.21 ± 0.02 mm/kg vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 mm/kg, p < 0·0001). Serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the intrauterine growth retardation group (48.9 ± 14.8 mg/dl) compared with the control group (32.5 ± 9.8 mg/dl, p < 0.0001). The mean body mass index, prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal LDL cholesterol level and, height of the mothers were significantly lower in the intrauterine growth retardation group compared with the control group. For maximum aIMT, significant associations included the ponderal index (p = <0.01), length (p = 0.01) and serum triglyceride levels of infants (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Newborn babies with growth restriction have significant maximum aortic thickening with hypertriglyceridaemia, suggesting that prenatal events might predispose to later cardiovascular risk.

Spinal MRI is a reliable imaging method for the diagnosis of GBS as it was positive in 38 of 40 patients. The severity on MRI does not correlate with severity of the clinical condition. MRI can be used as a supplementary diagnostic modality to clinical and laboratory findings of GBS.

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Cranial sonography plays an important role in the initial evaluation of infants with suspected bacterial meningitis and in monitoring for complications of the disease. Echogenic widening of the brain sulci, meningeal thickening and hyperemia suggest the diagnosis in an atrisk population. Sonography can identify the presence of extra-axial fluid collections, and color Doppler sonography can be very helpful in differentiating benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces from subdural effusions. Intraventricular debris and stranding, and an irregular and echogenic ependyma are highly suggestive findings associated with ventriculitis. Sonography can play an important role in the detection of postinfectious hydrocephalus, in the determination of the level of obstruction, and in the evaluation of intracranial compliance. Focal or diffuse parenchymal involvement can represent parenchymal involvement by cerebritis, infarction, secondary hemorrhage or early abscess.