Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has different prevalence rates in various parts of the world and is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease that could progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure.Objectives:The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Aerobic Training (AT) and resistance training (RT) on hepatic fat content and liver enzyme levels in Iranian men.Patients and Methods:In a randomized clinical trial study, 30 men with clinically defined NAFLD were allocated into three groups (aerobic, resistance and control). An aerobic group program consisted of 45 minutes of aerobic exercise at 60% - 75% maximum heart rate intensity, a resistance group performed seven resistance exercises at intensity of 50% - 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM ) and the control group had no exercise training program during the study. Before and after training, anthropometry, insulin sensitivity, liver enzymes and hepatic fat were elevated.Results:After training, hepatic fat content was markedly reduced, to a similar extent, in both the aerobic and resistance exercise training groups (P ≤ 0.05). In the two exercise training groups, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase serum levels were significantly decreased compared to the control group (P = 0.002) and (P = 0.02), respectively. Moreover, body fat (%), fat mass (kg), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMI-IR) were all improved in the AT and RT. These changes in the AT group were independent of weight loss.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that RT and AT are equally effective in reducing hepatic fat content and liver enzyme levels among patients with NAFLD. However, aerobic exercise specifically improves NAFLD independent of any change in body weight.

In this study, Taguchi robust design as a statistical route was utilized to optimize the variables of spraying in non-solvent process in order to achieve KClO 4 nanoparticles. The experimental factors of the spraying in non-solvent technique, which may be effective in KClO 4 particle size, were optimized efficiently via Taguchi method. The procedure operating conditions, i.e., KClO 4 concentration, solvent ratio, non-solvent identity, and spray steps, were considered at triple levels. The role of these operating conditions on the size of resulted KClO 4 particles was evaluated quantitatively by analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found that the particle size of KClO 4 prepared by spraying in non-solvent technique might be adjusted efficiently by tuning the main parameters at the corresponding optimum level. Moreover, the optimal conditions for the preparing of KClO 4 nanoparticles via the studied method were proposed. The ANOVA exhibited that 3 % (w/v) as KClO 4 concentration, CHCl 3 as type of nonsolvent, solvent to non-solvent ratio of 1:6, and single-step spraying are optimal conditions for the production of KClO 4 nanoparticles by spraying in non-solvent. Experimental data revealed that at optimum conditions of the process, the average particle size of produced KClO 4 is about 41 nm. Meantime, KClO 4 nanoparticles were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent process for comparison. It was found that the size of the produced KClO 4 particles is about 55 nm.

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