Health, Technology, education, and food production are the four main issues facing developing nations like Pakistan, and it is undeniable that agriculture is the most important factor behind economic growth. In addition, implementing a strategy for food production is crucial for citizens to ensure their survival, and it is assumed that these initiatives will result in sufficient farm productivity. One strategy to make a field productive is to take significant care of its components, which starts with cultivating healthy plants or crops. Wheat leaf rust is a fatal condition that attacks young seedlings. It is a significant fungi disease. Leaf rust has 25% effect on the productivity of wheat. To mitigate this issue, a Multi-Scale Discrete Wavelet Transform (MsclDWT) using hybrid fusion rules method is proposed to obtain the complementary information from multiple input images. In second phase, Lab color space followed by color thresholding method is applied to detect and segment wheat leaf rust disease in wheat crop. The proposed model also computes the rust-affected area of the wheat crop, which assists the farmers in the post-medication (anti rust spray) process. The empirical results show that the proposed model achieved 97% of accuracy in rusted pixels detection and classification and outperformed the existing comparative methods.

Introduction: Liver is an important organ in the body. Due to its role in metabolism of drugs it is also a major site of drug induced liver injury. Oxidative stress plays an important role in DILI therefore use of nti-oxidants has been proposed to combat liver injury . Objective of the Study: To measure and compare Hepatoprotective effects of Zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin due to their antioxidant effects on Pyrazinamide induced Hepatotoxicity in mice. Methodology: It was an experimental randomized control trial. The research was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Multidisciplinary research laboratory at IIMCT with mutual collaboration of National Institute of Health (NIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan. Research was started after the official approval of synopsis by accredited Ethical Review Committee. Study duration was one year from 1 September 2020 to 31 august 2021. 24 adult Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was Negative Control (NC) and did not receive any intervention. Oral pyrazinamide (500mg/kg) was administered for 28 days to the group 2 (disease control) alone and to group 3 and 4 in combination with Silymarin (100mg/kg) and Zinc complex of Betulinic Acid(1mg/kg) respectively. Mice were dissected after completion of experiment and liver samples were taken for Histopathological analysis. Hepatoprotective function of Silymarin and zinc complex of Betulinic acid was evaluated in group 3 and 4 by Histopathological changes. Results: Significant (p<0.05) changes were seen in parameters (necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular congestion) among groups. Conclusion: This study proves protective effects of zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin on pyrazinamide induced hepatotoxicity. Key Words: Hepatotoxicity, Betulinic Acid, Silymarin, Pyrazinamide, Zinc, Tuberculosis