This current study aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of nicotine and the possible protective role of green tea extract on some organs of Swiss albino mice by using histological, histomorphometerical and cytogenetical studies. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. The first group served as control and was injected intrapertoneally (i.p.) with distilled water (1ml DW/daily). The second group was injected with green tea extract (40 mg/ kg.b.w./i.p./ daily), animals of the third group were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg.b.w./i.p. daily) and those of the fourth group were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg.b.w./i.p/daily) and green tea extract (40 mg/ kg.b.w./i.p./daily). The experimental period was four successive weeks. Nicotine treatment induced histological changes in both the lung and testicular tissue as revealed by light microscope. It also induced histomorphological changes in the lung represent by significant decrease in elastic fibers and in the testicular tissue, a significant decrease in the number of Leydig cells. These changes were obtained by the computer image analyser. Combine administration of nicotine with green tea extract resulted in marked ameliorations of the testicular changes using histological and histomorphological observations. The combine administration of nicotine with green tea extract caused also an improvement in the ratio of PCEs/NCEs and a significant decrease in the increase of the MnPCEs numbers induced by nicotine treatment alone. In conclusions, the administration of green tea extract might suppress the cytotoxicity and mutagenic activity of nicotine. We suggest that green tea extract may be useful in combating tissue injury and genotocity caused by nicotine toxicity.

Aim of the studyIncreasing demand for liver transplantation represents an important health burden. Decellularized liver bioscaffold can be a suitable alternative for whole organ transplantation. However, various pathologies can affect the structure of decellularized scaffolds.This work discusses differences between hepatic fibrosis (HF), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal decellularized liver bioscaffolds.Material and methodsMurine models of HF and HCC were created, livers from normal, HF and HCC were decellularized, and evaluation of decellularization was done using morphological, histological and DNA analysis examination. Also, immunohistochemical staining using collagen, laminin, fibronectin and alphafetoprotein was done. Deposition area and intensity of the used immunohistochemical staining in liver capsules and the staining deposition thickness in the blood vessels and hepatic capsule walls were measured for comparison between the three models.ResultsNormal, HF and HCC livers were decellularized efficiently as confirmed by histological and DNA estimation. HCC decellularized samples showed significantly higher collagen, fibronectin and laminin deposition in both capsule and blood vessels, followed by HF decellularized samples, which also showed the highest thickness of laminin deposition in both capsule and blood vessels, then the normal model, which recorded the lowest value. Alphafetoprotein positive cells were absent in normal and HF, with rare cells in HCC.ConclusionsEven pathologic livers, HF and HCC, can be efficiently decellularized, showing normal morphology and architecture. However, HCC and HF showed significantly higher deposition of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen, fibronectin and laminin. The impact of these differences on physiological and immunological functions of the bioscaffold requires recellularization experiments.

Abstract-The present study aim at studying the histological effects of both aluminum phosphate (Alum) and calcium phosphate (CAP) nanoparticles adjuvant in parallel with their potentials as adjuvant and the related immune response to tetanus toxoid vaccine adsorbed on both of them. Ninety Swiss albino mice were used in the experiment (50% adults and 50% juveniles). Mice were immunized intramuscularly with 0.125 ml adjuvanted tetanus toxoid vaccine. For alum adjuvant study, 27 adult mice and 27 juvenile ones were injected with alum adjuvanted vaccine and sacrificed weekly as triplects for 9 weeks. For calcium phosphate adjuvant study, 15 adult mice and 15 juvenile ones were injected with calcium phosphate adjuvanted vaccine and sacrificed weekly as triplects for 5 weeks. The effect of alum and calcium phosphate nanoparticles adjuvants in enhancing the immune response of tetanus toxoid vaccine were monitored through measurement of antibody titer in sera of mice. The pathological effect of both adjuvants were monitored through histological study of liver, brain, kidney and injected muscle of sacrificed animals. Recorded data revealed that both adjuvanted vaccine caused histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, brain and injected muscle. On the other hand alum adjuvanted tetanus toxoid vaccine was more potent and showed higher antibody level than CAP adjuvanted vaccines.

Nicotine is the more abundant component in cigarette smoking. The natural diet contains a variety of compounds, such as green tea that exhibit protective effects towards different toxicities. Nicotine is firstly metabolized in liver, and the lung is the main target organ susceptible to smoking; so, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on this organs using histopathological and morphometrical methods and study the protective effect of green tea against toxicity of nicotine. Four groups of the male Swiss albino mice were used: untreated control group; nicotine-treated group (2.5 mg/kg/day); green tea-treated group (40 mg/kg./day); and nicotine and green tea intraperitoneally treated group for 28 days. The histological examinations of this study revealed a damage and degeneration in the lung and liver tissues of the nicotine treated animals. Green tea administration to nicotine-treated mice showed reduction in the tissues damage associated with the nicotine administration. Green tea administration to nicotine-treated mice ameliorated the increase in the size of nucleus of liver and restored the normal distribution of elastic fibers in lung. These results, along with previous observations, suggest that green tea may be useful in combating tissue injury that is a result of nicotine toxicity. Hence, the intake of green tea might suppress the toxicity and mutagenic activity of nicotine.

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