Los microorganismos, principalmente los hongos filamentosos (mohos), generan problemas en archivos, bibliotecas y museos provocando el biodeterioro de las colecciones. Estos efectos son más acusados en países de clima tropical debido a la influenciade las altas temperaturas y humedad relativa. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar la concentración fúngica en cinco mapas conservados en la Mapoteca del Archivo Nacional de Cuba y determinar el potencial biodeteriorante de los hongos aislados. La toma de muestra se realizó mediante la técnica del hisopado en forma aséptica. Se determinó cualitativamente la actividad celulolítica, amilolítica, proteolítica así como la excreción de pigmentos y de ácidos orgánicos. Se detectó una concentración fúngica media de 622 ufc.cm-2, además de especies que constituyeron nuevos hallazgos en soportes documentales para el Archivo Nacional de Cuba. Los hongos degradaron la celulosa, el almidón y la gelatina además de excretar ácidos orgánicos y pigmentos.

Bol. Micol. 2016; 31(1): 2 -18 micologia.uv.cl las Secciones Flavi, Nigri y la especie Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. ABSTRACT Species of the genus Aspergillus Link cause damage to objects constructive, cultural and heritage value. In work environments, their propagules and metabolites may cause disorders to human health. Aerobiological studies can help minimize the impact of Aspergillus spp. in the biodeterioration and quality of life. Aspergillus spp. strains present in the air of the repositories in three Cuban heritage institutions were characterized according to their biodeteriogenic and pathogenic potential. Each isolated was classified taxonomically, cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activity as well as excretion of pigments and organic acids was evaluated. The capacity to grow at 37°C and secrete hemolysins was qualitatively evaluated. Aspergillus spp. was significant portion of viable air micobiota in the three repositories with 22 species corresponding to 12 sections, most variability were Flavi and Restricti, while the first section and Aspergillus were the best represented. The 74% of the strains showed high ability to degrade organic compounds evaluated and secrete acids, while 34% excreted pigments from yellow to dark brown, evidenced a broad biodeteriogenic potential in general. More than 30% of the isolates were shown to be dangerous opportunistic pathogens for humans to grow at 37°C, secrete hemolysin, and present a conidial size which enables the deposition pulmonary alveoli. Strains higher biodeteriogenic and pathogenic impact were those corresponding to the Flavi, Nigri sections and the species Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. micologia.uv.cl

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