Whole blood samples were collected from 117 male clinically healthy Camelus dromedarius aged between 6 months to 18 years from several farms in Yazd Province of Iran. Trypanosoma evansi-affected camels were detected by Giemsa-stained blood smears, and the positive blood samples (4 out of 117) were submitted to PCR examination and phylogenetic analysis. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool data of the obtained complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences revealed that they corresponded to those of T. evansi, Thailand cattle isolate (AY912276) with the homology of 99 %. Both phylogenetic trees generated by ITS1 and complete ITS were unable to clearly show inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of Trypanosoma spp. isolates. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS2 nucleotide sequences (569 bp) clearly showed the genetic diversity of the parasites. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses of this region showed that two distinct genotypes of T. evansi in Iranian dromedary camels are present. In contrast to the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, multiple alignment of the nucleotide sequence of the 5.8S rRNA showed a high degree of sequence conservation during evolution in various Trypanosoma spp.

Information regarding normal electrocardiographic features of different breeds of animals can help veterinarians to detect any abnormalities in cardiac electrical activities. The current research was conducted to present the normal electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Chios ewes and lambs. The electrocardiograms were recorded from clinically healthy Chios ewes (n=27; 2-3 years old) and lambs (n=20; 4-6 months old) by using base apex lead system. T and QRS-duration in lambs were significantly lower than adult Chios ewes. The electrocardiographic amplitudes in lambs were lower than ewes, non-significantly. P-R, R-R, Q-T and S-T intervals in Chios lambs were significantly lower than ewes. No normal sinus rhythm was detected in Chios lambs. The proportion of sinus arrhythmia and sinus tachycardia in lambs was significantly more than ewes. Sino-atrial block was also detected in lambs. Based on the presented data it could be stated that aging can affect electrocardiographic findings of Chios sheep. Finally, our results will provide a good basis for judging the electrocardiograms in base apex lead system of Chios lambs and ewes.

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Information regarding metabolic profile in different physiological sates of dairy cows can assist veterinarians to monitor the herd health and productive performance. Furthermore, the relationships among the metabolic parameters can be used to detect the effect of each parameter on another one. The aim of the current research was to clarify the interactions among metabolic parameters in different physiological states of high producing Holstein dairy cows. The present study was carried out on 25 multiparous Holstein dairy cows divided into 5 equal groups: early, mid and late lactation; far-off and close-up dry. Blood samples were collected from all cows through jugular venipuncture and sera were separated to evaluate glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very lowdensity lipoprotein. There were negative and significant correlations between insulin and glucose in all studied groups (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients among insulin and both NEFA and BHBA in all cows were negative. In all studied groups, the negative correlations were seen among glucose and both NEFA and BHBA. In all studied groups, glucose and insulin were negatively correlated with lipid profile. The correlation between BHBA and NEFA was positive, strong and significant in all groups (P<0.05). In all studied groups, BHBA and NEFA were positively correlated with lipid profile but no significant correlations were seen among them (P>0.05). The correlations among studied metabolic parameters showed that providing the energy demands can prevent the ketogenic and lipolytic metabolisms in high producing dairy cows. Furthermore, information regarding the correlations among circulating metabolic parameters can be used to estimate the changing patterns of each metabolic parameter via evaluating another one.Dairy cows undergo metabolic changes during pregnancy and lactation (Tanritanir et al., 2009). Each state has metabolic characteristics which are different from those of others. Two to three weeks before parturition, a phase of catabolism starts to