RESUMO Objetivo O artigo tem como objetivo determinar as famílias de receptores mais estudadas, envolvidas com a doença de Alzheimer, assim como determinar a região do sistema nervoso na qual mais tipos de receptores são expressos e quais funções dos receptores estão predominantemente associadas com a patologia em questão. O artigo busca mostrar os modelos e métodos mais utilizados nessas pesquisas, resumindo alguns achados e discutindo o impacto desses estudos no conhecimento científico. Métodos Esta revisão utilizou-se de uma metodologia sistemática (Prospero; ID 141957). Resultados Pode-se constatar que os receptores de transcrição nuclear foram os mais estudados. A maior parte desses receptores se expressa no córtex cerebral e hipocampo. Adicionalmente, a maioria das pesquisas avaliou os receptores relacionados com os efeitos benéficos na doença. A eliminação da proteína amiloide ou o bloqueio de vias relacionadas à síntese dessa proteína foram as principais funções desempenhadas por esses receptores. Por fim, as técnicas de imunoistoquímica e reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR), respectivamente, foram as mais utilizadas, e os roedores consistiram no principal modelo de estudo. Conclusões Os receptores de transcrição nuclear, o córtex cerebral, o hipocampo, a micróglia e a proteína beta-amiloide mostraram importância na patogênese da doença de Alzheimer neste estudo.

Abstract. The active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) acts through a nuclear receptor to perform several functions in cellular metabolism. 1,25(OH)2D participates directly in calcium homeostasis, regulates the immune system, nervous system, blood pressure, insulin secretion, among others. Vitamin D deficiency could also be associated with several diseases and increased cellular oxidative damage. The present study aimed to investigate whether lipid peroxidation and/or protein oxidation are affected by vitamin D deficiency and whether sunlight exposure/diet, gender, and age might influence this relationship. Vitamin D concentrations were obtained from the Heart Hospital database and a questionnaire was applied among the 212 participants. We used the inactive vitamin D (25(OH)2) in the analyses since 1,25(OH)2D has a short half-life and a low blood concentration. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation analyses were performed using spectrophotometry. Multivariate analyses suggested the participation of vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) and sunlight/diet in oxidative stress (p <0.05; R2 MDA: 0.562; R2 CG: 0.429). Multiple linear regression test show that the age and gender of patients are not interfering in the analyses (p>0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress can be independent of age and gender.

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency affects individuals of different ages in many countries. VD deficiency may be related to several diseases, including cancer. Objective: This study aimed to review the relationship between VD deficiency and cancer. Methods: We describe the proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis and how those proteins can be influenced by VD deficiency. We also investigated a relationship between cancer death rate and solar radiation. Results: We found an increased bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon-rectum cancer, lung cancer, oesophagus cancer, oral cancer, ovary cancer, pancreas cancer, skin cancer and stomach cancer death rate in countries with low sunlight. It was also observed that amyloid precursor protein, ryanodine receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and receptor for advanced glycation end products are associated with a worse prognosis in cancer. While the Klotho protein and VD receptor are associated with a better prognosis in the disease. Nfr2 is associated with both worse and better prognosis in cancer. Conclusion: The literature suggests that VD deficiency might be involved in cancer progression. According to sunlight data, we can conclude that countries with low average sunlight have high cancers death rate. New studies involving transcriptional and genomic data in combination with VD measurement in long-term experiments are required to establish new relationships between VD and cancer.

RESUMO Objetivo O artigo possui como objetivo investigar os genes relógio que estão mais associados com os transtornos psiquiátricos, as funções e localizações desses genes, assim como investigar o principal transtorno, método e modelo considerados nas análises. O trabalho busca resumir os achados e discutir o impacto dessas pesquisas no conhecimento científico. Métodos Esta revisão utilizou-se de uma metodologia sistemática (Prospero; ID 152031) e seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e Scientific Eletronic Library Online e foram utilizados os termos do Medical Subject Headings Terms . Foram selecionados estudos quantitativos com resultados conclusivos referentes à associação de transtornos psiquiátricos com a regulação molecular do ritmo circadiano. As informações úteis foram extraídas e utilizadas para a elaboração de gráficos e tabelas. Resultados Foram incluídos 24 artigos em nosso estudo. Observou-se que o transtorno bipolar consistiu no transtorno psiquiátrico mais abordado (40% dos estudos); a nacionalidade polonesa dos participantes também se destacou em 39% dos trabalhos. Adicionalmente, o gene PER foi o mais estudado (25%) e o córtex cerebral foi a principal região em que os genes relógio avaliados se expressam (34%). A PCR comum mostrou ser o método mais utilizado (38%) e o metabolismo da serotonina mostrou ser a principal função desempenhada pelos produtos gênicos (16%). Conclusões Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o transtorno bipolar consiste no distúrbio psiquiátrico mais prevalente entre as pesquisas relacionadas aos genes circadianos, expressos principalmente no córtex cerebral de humanos, em especial o gene PER .

Objective: This review aims to study the receptor's family and functions most related to COVID-19 infection, also suggesting the tissue and cell location that the majority of COVID-19 receptors are mainly expressed. Methods: This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020210643) is according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs, Web of Science, and DOAJ databases were used. Clinical trials and research articles studying receptors related to COVID-19 were included in this review. R programming language was used to elaborate charts and receptors network and SPSS(26v) software was used to perform statistical analyses. Results: The majority of studies regarding the involvement of receptors in COVID-19 included plasma receptors and G protein-coupled receptor families (p<0.05). These receptors are highly expressed in the brain (24%) and 80% of them can interact with each other in a protein network, exerting some regulatory effects in various tissues. The main influential receptor on the network of receptors involved in COVID-19 was the EGFR and the majority of receptors were associated with pathological processes in the disease (p<0.05), including the amplification of inflammatory responses in COVID-19, which may be related to neurological disorders in some cases. Humans from the United States, Spain, and Brazil were the most used model in studies adressing receptors involved in COVID-19 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Plasma receptors and G protein-coupled receptors, especially the EGFR, and involved with pathological effects on the COVID-19 inflammatory process in the brain have shown significant importance in this review.